hyzendust.github.io/content/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit3/self.md

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April 15, 2026

Types of co-operatives formed

A) Consumer co-operatives.
B) Producer co-operatives.
C) Marketing co-operatives.
D) Housing co-operatives.
E) Credit co-operatives.
F) Cooperative Farming Societies.

Types of Companies

A) On the Basis of Incorporation

1. Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the monarch (no longer applicable in India).
2. Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).
3. Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost all modern business entities in India.

B) On the Basis of Liability

1. Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].
2. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].
3. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].
4. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.

C) On the Basis of Ownership

1. Private Company (Section 2(68)).
2. Public Company (Section 2(71)).
3. One Person Company (Section 2(62)).

D) On the Basis of Control

1. Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.
2. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover (subsidiary of Tata Motors).

E) On the Basis of Nationality

1. Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.
2. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.

F) On the Basis of Purpose

1. For-Profit Companies.
2. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.