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+semester = ['S1']
+subjectcode = ['SUBJECT CODE']
+unit = 'Unit 1'
+title = 'Unit 1'
+notecategory = 'Self'
+toc = true
+weight = 1
+url = '/uninotes/s1/subject-code/filename/self/'
+uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/subject-code/filename/'
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changelog/_index.md

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+---
+title: "Changelog"
+---
+
+## [2026-04-15]
+
+- Added UniNote BO DCM1109 Uni3 Self. 
+
+## [2026-04-14]
+
+- Changelog page.
+- Removed year from footer copyright.
+- "Contents" style UniNotes page.

content/_index.md

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 description: "Freedoms4"
 ---
 
-# Hello! Welcome 🙏
+# Namaste 🙏
 
 <p style="text-indent: 1.185em;">
 My name is <b>hyzen</b>, I'm the founder of this site. This site is my space to write about my views on various subjects and explore ideas that matter to me. I also provide free <a href="/services/">services</a> to the public that may matter to them.

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+title = "Subject Code"
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+draft = false
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+title = "UniNotes"
+date = '2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30'
+draft = false
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+toc = true
+url = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/'
+uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/'
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+
+### ***April 6, 2026***
+
+## Features and Nature of Business
+
+A) Economic Activity.  
+B) Continuous Activity.  
+C) Profit Motive.  
+D) Exchange of goods and services.  
+E) Customer Orientation.  
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.  
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.  
+H) Global.
+
+## Concept
+
+A) Value Creation.  
+B) Profit.  
+C) Social.  
+D) Organised.  
+E) Dynanic.  
+
+## Scope
+
+### A) Industry
+
+1. Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).
+2. Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.
+3. Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)
+4. Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)
+5. Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)
+
+### B) Commerce
+
+1. Trade.
+2. Auxiliaries to Trade.
+
+### C) Modern Dimensions of Business
+
+1. E-Business.
+2. Green Business.
+3. Social Business.
+4. Global Business.
+
+## Business as a System
+
+A) Interdependance.  
+B) Input-Process-Output Model.  
+C) Open System.  
+D) Dynamic Nature.  
+
+### B) Input-Process-Output Model
+
+1. Input.
+2. Process.
+3. Output.
+4. Feedback.
+
+## Business and Environment Interface
+
+A) Social Environment.  
+B) Economic Environment.  
+C) Politico-legal Environment.  
+D) Technological Environment.  
+E) International Environment.
+
+## Objectives of Business
+
+A) Economic.  
+B) Social.  
+C) Human.  
+D) National.  
+E) International.
+
+## Profit Maximization VS. Social Responsibility
+
+(Research pending)

content/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit2/_index.md

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+
+### ***April 12, 2026***
+
+## Primary Sector
+
+The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.
+
+## Secondary Sector
+
+The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.
+
+## Tertiary Sector
+This involves the provision of services to businesses as well as final consumers.

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+
+### ***April 15, 2026***
+
+## Types of co-operatives formed
+
+A) Consumer co-operatives.  
+B) Producer co-operatives.  
+C) Marketing co-operatives.  
+D) Housing co-operatives.  
+E) Credit co-operatives.  
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.  
+
+## Types of Companies
+
+### A) On the Basis of Incorporation
+
+1. Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
+monarch (no longer applicable in India).
+2. Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
+Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).
+3. Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
+all modern business entities in India.
+
+### B) On the Basis of Liability
+1. Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].
+2. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].
+3. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].
+4. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.
+
+### C) On the Basis of Ownership
+1. Private Company (Section 2(68)).
+2. Public Company (Section 2(71)).
+3. One Person Company (Section 2(62)).
+
+### D) On the Basis of Control
+1. Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.
+2. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
+(subsidiary of Tata Motors).
+
+### E) On the Basis of Nationality
+1. Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.
+2. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.
+
+### F) On the Basis of Purpose
+1. For-Profit Companies.
+2. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
+purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.

content/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/_index.md

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+
+### ***April 5, 2026***
+
+## Course Objectives
+
+A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.  
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.
+
+## Definition of Economics by various individuals
+
+A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.  
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.  
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.  
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.  
+
+## Nature
+
+### A) Economics as a Science
+
+1. Positive (what is, based on data and logic)
+2. Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)
+
+### B) Economics as an Art
+
+1. Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)
+2. Applied (real world, how to implement)
+
+### A) Described Economics as a Science
+
+1. Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).  
+2. Models to predict economic outcomes.  
+3. Data analysis, observation, hypothesis. 
+4. Real-world evidence.  
+5. Deductive and Inductive reasoning.
+
+* Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.
+
+## Methods
+
+A) Inductive (specific -> general).  
+B) Deductive (general -> specific).
+
+### A) Inductive
+
+1. Real-world observation, identify problem.
+2. Collect data, analyze and find patterns.
+3. Formulate and test generalisations.
+
+### B) Deductive
+
+1. Identify the general problem.
+2. Assumptions, formulate hypothesis.
+3. Verify using data.
+
+

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+
+### ***April 12, 2026***
+
+## Types of Utility
+
+A) Form Utility  
+B) Place  
+C) Time  
+D) Possession
+
+## Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility
+
+## Law of Equi-Marginal Utility
+
+## Law of Demand
+
+Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.
+
+## Exceptions of Law of Demand
+
+A) Assumption of increase in price.  
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.  
+C) Giffen goods.  
+D) War.  
+E) Economic depression. 
+F) Essential goods.
+
+
+
+

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+
+### ***April 12, 2026***
+
+## Theories on the Origin of Language
+
+### Types of Theories
+
+A) Divine.  
+B) Bow-Bow.  
+C) Pooh-Pooh.  
+D) Ding-Dong.  
+E) Gesture.  
+F) Yo-He-Ho.  
+G) Musical.  
+H) Tool-Making.  
+I) Evolutionary.  
+J) Symbolic.  
+K) Contemporary Perspective.
+

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+
+### ***April 12, 2026***
+
+## Introduction
+
+Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling.
+
+

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+
+### ***April 5, 2026***
+
+## Characteristics of Management
+
+A) Goal Oriented.  
+B) Pervasive.  
+C) Multidimentional:  
+         (i) Management of People.  
+         (ii) Management of Operations.   
+D) Continuous.  
+E) Dynamic.  
+F) Group Activity.  
+G) Intangible.
+
+## Functions of Management
+
+A) Planning.  
+B) Organising.  
+C) Staffing.  
+D) Directing.  
+E) Controlling.
+
+### A) Planning
+
+1. Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.
+2. Forecast future conditions.
+3. Select the best course of action.
+4. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.
+
+### B) Organising
+
+1. Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.
+2. Group similar activities.
+3. Assign duties to individuals.
+4. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.
+5. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.
+
+### C) Staffing
+
+1. Recruitment and selection.
+2. Training.
+3. Performance appraisal.
+
+### D) Directing
+
+1. Leadership and supervision.
+2. Motivation.
+3. Communication.
+
+### E) Controlling
+
+1. Establish performance standards.
+2. Measure performance.
+3. Compare performance with the standards.
+4. Identify reasons for deviations.
+5. Implement corrective actions.
+6. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.
+
+## Significance of Management
+
+A) Optimum unilization of resources.  
+B) Minimisation of costs.  
+C) Achievement of group goals.  
+D) Organisational stability.  
+
+* Management depends on Effectiveness and Efficiency.
+
+## Scope of Management
+
+A) Production Management.  
+B) Personal Management.  
+C) Marketing Management.  
+D) Financial Management.

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+
+### ***April 12, 2026***
+
+## Behaviors of Managers
+
+### A) Coaching managers
+Coaching managers usually take on a teacher-like role, and they have an excellent understanding of
+the different stages of professional development. They love to motivate their employees to improve.
+They do this by helping them build strong personal relationships. Some of the most common
+qualities of a coaching manager include:
+
+* Educating every employee of the organisation.
+* Looking after the long-term professional development of their employees.
+* Bringing the team together whilst also evaluating each individual's progress.
+
+### B) Authoritative managers
+Authoritative managers make sure that they are handling most of the decision-making and task
+delegation by themselves, whilst also making sure that they are maintaining a strict protocol in their
+office. They most often focus on adhering to rules and making sure that employees complete tasks
+as per the company’s standard of quality. Some of the common qualities of an authoritative manager
+include:
+
+* Giving importance to rules and operation standards.
+* Motivating their employees to give their best and also holding employees accountable.
+* Taking disciplinary actions when necessary.
+
+### C) Results-based managers
+Results-based managers mainly concentrate on whether or not employees meet their goals. They
+are more concerned with the completion of work by the employees rather than how they do it. This
+gives employees some power to make decisions and come up with their own methods for success.
+Some of the common qualities of a results-based manager include:
+
+* Being lenient in terms of rules and protocols.
+* Finding out ways to ensure that their employees work most effectively.
+* Focusing only on completion of work, not on how it gets accomplished.
+
+### D) Strategic managers
+Strategic managers build their management style around the end result that they want to achieve.
+They delegate authority to lower-level supervisors so they can focus on developing the ultimate
+long-term strategy for success. Some of the most common qualities of a strategic manager include:
+
+* Delegating responsibility to lower-level supervisors but not otherwise strongly involved
+in day-to-day tasks.
+* Focusing on the overall goal of their projects rather than minor details.
+* Working independently to create plans for their employees that they can undertake on their
+own.
+
+### E) Proactive managers
+Proactive managers are always offering help and advice. They also remain positive even in times of
+crisis. They typically focus on what actions they can take to overcome or solve any challenges that
+might arise. With a hands-on approach, they try to meet those challenges. Some of the most common
+qualities of a proactive manager include:
+
+* Being enthusiastic about meeting goals through collaboration with employees.
+* Showing confidence in the abilities of their employees.
+* Being supportive of employees and always ready to help them.
+
+### F) Laissez-faire managers
+Laissez-faire managers make sure that they meet their goals, but they typically do not offer much
+help or supervision during work operations. They delegate most of the day-to-day and long-term
+responsibilities to their employees. If you prefer to work autonomously, you might work well under
+a laissez-faire manager. Some of the common qualities of a laissez-faire manager include:
+
+* Remaining hands-off with daily performance.
+* Delegating responsibility to employees and stepping back.
+* Giving employees autonomy to make decisions and complete tasks on their own.
+
+### G) Democratic managers
+Democratic managers listen to input given by employees and welcome the employees to be a part
+of the decision-making process. They try to make every member of a team crucial to a project's
+completion. An office led by a democratic manager focuses on teamwork. Some of the common
+qualities of a democratic manager include:
+
+* Open to suggestions and criticism.
+* Understanding of employees' points of view.
+* Emphasising collaboration among employees and the team as a whole.
+
+### H) Visionary managers
+Visionary managers rely on strategies to make a plan for their team, and then they ultimately allow
+their employees to work autonomously. However, they also check in with employees regularly to
+ensure that productivity is in line with their vision and goals. Some of the common qualities of a
+visionary manager include:
+
+* Staying fair but also being serious about achieving desired results.
+* Offering quality feedback to the employees.
+* Trusting employees as long as they adhere to the well-planned strategy.
+
+### I) Transformational managers
+Transformational managers are enthusiastic about the growth of their employees. They also learn
+how to adapt to changes in their industry. They motivate employees to go beyond their comfort
+zones and constantly improve. Some of the common qualities of a transformational manager include:
+
+* Being creative in terms of approaches to new tasks and methods of operation.
+* Motivating and challenging employees to adapt to changes.
+* Being heavily involved in work processes.
+* Supporting employees.
+
+### J) Charismatic managers
+Charismatic managers give priority to building strong personal relationships with their employees.
+They also try to cater to their employees' needs whenever they can. This can motivate employees to
+strive to work effectively and efficiently in order to gratify their manager. Some of the common
+qualities of a charismatic manager include:
+
+* Being friendly and charming when working with employees and supervisors.
+* Showing kindness to employees instead of being authoritative.
+* Providing constant support and help when necessary.
+
+## Characteristics of Managers
+
+A) They are responsible for the performance of tasks.  
+B) They maintain balance between goals and define priorities.  
+C) They think rationally and conceptually.  
+D) They act as mediators.  
+E) They make complicated decisions.
+
+## Managerial Skills
+
+### A) Conceptual Skills
+
+* Solving business problems by analysing information.
+* Identifying new opportunities and areas for innovation.
+* Recognising problem areas and developing solutions.
+* Selecting key information from large amounts of data.
+* Understanding how technology supports business operations.
+* Having a clear understanding of the organisation’s business model and goals.
+
+### B) Human Skills
+
+* Interviewing and selecting employees.
+* Motivating and guiding team members.
+* Resolving conflicts and maintaining harmony.
+* Building partnerships and encouraging teamwork.
+
+### C) Technical Skills
+
+* Using computer software or operating machinery.
+* Designing a brochure or preparing a financial report.
+* Training employees to use a new budgeting system.
+
+## Roles of a Manager
+
+### A) Interpersonal Roles
+
+1. Figurehead- attending meetings, signing legal documents, welcoming visitors, or
+inaugurating company events. 
+2. Leader.  
+3. Liaison.
+
+### B) Informational Roles
+
+1. Monitor - gathers information.  
+2. Disseminator - shares information.  
+3. Spokesperson - represents.
+
+### C) Decisional Roles
+
+1. Entrepreneur: The manager identifies opportunities for improvement and innovation. They take
+the initiative to start new projects, introduce new products, or adopt better methods to improve
+efficiency and competitiveness.
+
+2. Disturbance Handler: In this role, the manager deals with unexpected problems or conflicts.
+This may include resolving employee disputes, handling crises, or managing supply shortages.
+The goal is to maintain stability and prevent disruption in operations.
+
+3. Resource Allocator: The manager decides how to distribute resources like money, time, and
+manpower among different departments or projects. Effective allocation ensures that priorities
+are met and the organisation runs efficiently.
+
+4. Negotiator: The manager represents the organisation in negotiations with employees, suppliers,
+customers, or other external parties. They work to reach agreements that are beneficial for both
+the organisation and its stakeholders.

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-Ratio of components in Education: # 50% Knowledge/Understanding, 30% …</p><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/blog/>Blog</a></nav><h1>All Posts | <a href=/categories/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>Categories</a></h1><h2 class=home-post-title><a href=/blog/what-is-education/>What is Education?</a></h2><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><p class=summary>What is Education? # Education simply means “learning”. It’s a natural process.
+Ratio of components in Education: # 50% Knowledge/Understanding, 30% …</p><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/blog/what-is-education/index.html

@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ Academics system has evolved with time and got worst. Let’s see what the syste
 <label class=brand__mobile-toggle for=mobile-menu-check aria-label=Menu><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></label><div class=brand__mobile-links><a href=/login/ class=mobile-link>Login</a>
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-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1>What is Education?</h1><span class=author></span><br><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h1 class=heading id=what-is-education>What is Education?<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#what-is-education>#</a></span></h1><p>Education simply means &ldquo;learning&rdquo;. It&rsquo;s a natural process.</p><h3 class=heading id=ratio-of-components-in-education>Ratio of components in Education:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#ratio-of-components-in-education>#</a></span></h3><p>50% Knowledge/Understanding, 30% Skills, 20% Experience.</p><h3 class=heading id=education-vs-academics>Education vs Academics:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#education-vs-academics>#</a></span></h3><p>Education and Academics are not the same thing. Academics is Education based of a curriculum and an institution. Plato discovered the word while describing his school of philosophy.</p><h4 class=heading id=academics-system-has-evolved-with-time-and-got-worst-lets-see-what-the-system-has-become-nowadays>Academics system has evolved with time and got worst. Let&rsquo;s see what the system has become nowadays:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#academics-system-has-evolved-with-time-and-got-worst-lets-see-what-the-system-has-become-nowadays>#</a></span></h4><ul><li>Wrong ratio of knowledge, skill, experience (knowledge takes about 90%).</li><li>Generalised curriculum for all students.</li></ul><h4 class=heading id=extra-bad>Extra bad:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#extra-bad>#</a></span></h4><ul><li>Goals are only bound to exams/grades, degree or certifications (year 1088), then getting jobs.</li><li>Unhealthy pressure and competition for students.</li><li>Money game.</li><li>Politics.</li></ul><p>Education as a concept/implementation/system is good.
-Academics is good only as a concept. It&rsquo;s implementation and system is always the worst and corrupted.</p><h3 class=heading id=activities-in-education>Activities in Education:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#activities-in-education>#</a></span></h3><ul><li><p>Knowledge: Reading, listening, watching, feeling, thinking etc.</p></li><li><p>Understanding: Studying (literary, critical thinking, investigating), researching.</p></li><li><p>Skill: Practicing.</p></li><li><p>Experience: Time spending.</p></li></ul><h3 class=heading id=read-vs-study-vs-research>Read vs Study vs Research:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#read-vs-study-vs-research>#</a></span></h3><ol><li><p>Read: Reading is about watching or interpreting something/someone to gain knowledge.</p></li><li><p>Study: Studying is about interpreting a topic, going deeper and gaining some conscious understanding out of it.</p></li><li><p>Research: Research is about studying a topic and then contributing to it with changes from your end.</p></li></ol><ul><li><p>Reading relates with knowledge.</p></li><li><p>Studying relates with understanding.</p></li><li><p>Research relates with understanding and contributing.</p></li></ul><h3 class=heading id=knowledge-vs-entertainment>Knowledge vs Entertainment:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#knowledge-vs-entertainment>#</a></span></h3><ul><li>Activities that are done for Knowledge/Understanding (reading, watching, listening, studying etc.) can also be done for Entertainment and vice versa.</li></ul><p>Example:</p><ol><li>The first book was to provide Knowledge/Understanding, but later books became a source of Entertainment (fiction).</li><li>Videos can be used for both Knowledge/Understanding and Entertainment purposes. For example, for Knowledge/Understanding, there are documentaries, tutorial videos etc. For Entertainment, there are movies, funny videos etc.</li></ol><ul><li>All these are taken from my notes, all of which I like to write and think about deeply.</li></ul><div><div>Tags:</div><ul><li><a href=/tags/education/>Education</a></li><li><a href=/tags/academics/>Academics</a></li><li><a href=/tags/system/>System</a></li></ul></div><div><div>Categories:</div><ul><li><a href=/categories/philosophy/>Philosophy</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1>What is Education?</h1><span class=author></span><br><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h1 class=heading id=what-is-education>What is Education?<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#what-is-education>#</a></span></h1><p>Education simply means &ldquo;learning&rdquo;. It&rsquo;s a natural process.</p><h3 class=heading id=ratio-of-components-in-education>Ratio of components in Education:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#ratio-of-components-in-education>#</a></span></h3><p>50% Knowledge/Understanding, 30% Skills, 20% Experience.</p><h3 class=heading id=education-vs-academics>Education vs Academics:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#education-vs-academics>#</a></span></h3><p>Education and Academics are not the same thing. Academics is Education based of a curriculum and an institution. Plato discovered the word while describing his school of philosophy.</p><h4 class=heading id=academics-system-has-evolved-with-time-and-got-worst-lets-see-what-the-system-has-become-nowadays>Academics system has evolved with time and got worst. Let&rsquo;s see what the system has become nowadays:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#academics-system-has-evolved-with-time-and-got-worst-lets-see-what-the-system-has-become-nowadays>#</a></span></h4><ul><li>Wrong ratio of knowledge, skill, experience (knowledge takes about 90%).</li><li>Generalised curriculum for all students.</li></ul><h4 class=heading id=extra-bad>Extra bad:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#extra-bad>#</a></span></h4><ul><li>Goals are only bound to exams/grades, degree or certifications (year 1088), then getting jobs.</li><li>Unhealthy pressure and competition for students.</li><li>Money game.</li><li>Politics.</li></ul><p>Education as a concept/implementation/system is good.
+Academics is good only as a concept. It&rsquo;s implementation and system is always the worst and corrupted.</p><h3 class=heading id=activities-in-education>Activities in Education:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#activities-in-education>#</a></span></h3><ul><li><p>Knowledge: Reading, listening, watching, feeling, thinking etc.</p></li><li><p>Understanding: Studying (literary, critical thinking, investigating), researching.</p></li><li><p>Skill: Practicing.</p></li><li><p>Experience: Time spending.</p></li></ul><h3 class=heading id=read-vs-study-vs-research>Read vs Study vs Research:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#read-vs-study-vs-research>#</a></span></h3><ol><li><p>Read: Reading is about watching or interpreting something/someone to gain knowledge.</p></li><li><p>Study: Studying is about interpreting a topic, going deeper and gaining some conscious understanding out of it.</p></li><li><p>Research: Research is about studying a topic and then contributing to it with changes from your end.</p></li></ol><ul><li><p>Reading relates with knowledge.</p></li><li><p>Studying relates with understanding.</p></li><li><p>Research relates with understanding and contributing.</p></li></ul><h3 class=heading id=knowledge-vs-entertainment>Knowledge vs Entertainment:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#knowledge-vs-entertainment>#</a></span></h3><ul><li>Activities that are done for Knowledge/Understanding (reading, watching, listening, studying etc.) can also be done for Entertainment and vice versa.</li></ul><p>Example:</p><ol><li>The first book was to provide Knowledge/Understanding, but later books became a source of Entertainment (fiction).</li><li>Videos can be used for both Knowledge/Understanding and Entertainment purposes. For example, for Knowledge/Understanding, there are documentaries, tutorial videos etc. For Entertainment, there are movies, funny videos etc.</li></ol><ul><li>All these are taken from my notes, all of which I like to write and think about deeply.</li></ul><div><div>Tags:</div><ul><li><a href=/tags/education/>Education</a></li><li><a href=/tags/academics/>Academics</a></li><li><a href=/tags/system/>System</a></li></ul></div><div><div>Categories:</div><ul><li><a href=/categories/philosophy/>Philosophy</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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docs/categories/philosophy/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,7 @@
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docs/categories/philosophy/page/1/index.html

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docs/changelog/index.html

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docs/changelog/index.xml

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docs/coming-soon/index.html

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-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><p><strong>Admin:</strong> hyzen</p><h2 class=heading id=contacts>Contacts<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#contacts>#</a></span></h2><p><strong><a href=mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org>Email</a> and <a href=xmpp:hyzen@freedoms4.org>XMPP</a>:</strong> <a href=mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org>hyzen@freedoms4.org</a></p><p><strong>IRC/Liberachat:</strong> hyzen, #freedoms4</p><h2 class=heading id=follow-on>Follow on<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#follow-on>#</a></span></h2><p><strong><a href=https://mastodon.social/@hyzen>Mastodon</a>:</strong> <a href=mailto:hyzen@mastodon.social>hyzen@mastodon.social</a></p><p><strong>Lemmy:</strong> <a href=mailto:hyzen@lemmy.today>hyzen@lemmy.today</a></p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><p><strong>Admin:</strong> hyzen</p><h2 class=heading id=contacts>Contacts<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#contacts>#</a></span></h2><p><strong><a href=mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org>Email</a> and <a href=xmpp:hyzen@freedoms4.org>XMPP</a>:</strong> <a href=mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org>hyzen@freedoms4.org</a></p><p><strong>IRC/Liberachat:</strong> hyzen, #freedoms4</p><h2 class=heading id=follow-on>Follow on<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#follow-on>#</a></span></h2><p><strong><a href=https://mastodon.social/@hyzen>Mastodon</a>:</strong> <a href=mailto:hyzen@mastodon.social>hyzen@mastodon.social</a></p><p><strong>Lemmy:</strong> <a href=mailto:hyzen@lemmy.today>hyzen@lemmy.today</a></p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/css/custom.css

@@ -1,4 +1,97 @@
-.breadcrumbs {
+/* ── TOC: gap between TOC and first content line ────────────────────────── */
+.toc {
+  margin-bottom: 1.73rem;
+}
+
+/* ── TOC: hide phantom empty bullet when post starts with ### (h3) ──────── */
+/* Hugo wraps orphaned h3s in a li>ul, leaving an empty li with no direct
+   anchor. This hides it without affecting any meaningful TOC entry.         */
+#TableOfContents > ul > li:first-child:not(:has(> a)) {
+  list-style: none;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+}
+
+/* ── UniNotes ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+.uninotes-breadcrumbs {
+  font-size: 0.85rem;
+  margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
+  color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
+}
+
+.uninotes-breadcrumbs a {
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+.uninotes-breadcrumbs a:hover {
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.uninotes-list {
+  list-style: none;
+  padding: 0;
+  margin: 1.5rem 0 0 0;
+}
+
+.uninotes-list__item {
+  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
+  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-color);
+  padding-left: 0.75rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-list__link {
+  color: var(--foreground-color);
+  text-decoration: none;
+  font-size: 1rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-list__link:hover {
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.uninotes-list--subjects .uninotes-list__item {
+  border-left-color: var(--accent-color);
+}
+
+.uninotes-list--units .uninotes-list__item {
+  border-left-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
+}
+
+.uninotes-meta {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 0.4rem;
+  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-meta__pill {
+  display: inline-block;
+  font-size: 0.72rem;
+  padding: 0.15rem 0.55rem;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--accent-color);
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+  font-weight: 500;
+  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
+}
+
+/* ── Menu links ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+/* Menu links */
+.menu__link {
+	color: var(--menu-color, var(--accent-color));
+}
+
+[data-theme='light'] .menu__link {
+	color: var(--menu-color);
+}
+
+[data-theme='dark'] .menu__link {
+	color: var(--accent-color);
+}
+
 	font-size: 0.9rem;
 	margin-bottom: 1rem;
 	font-weight: bold;
@@ -58,9 +151,9 @@
 	gap: 0.2rem;
 	padding: 0.2rem 0.4rem;
 	border-radius: 3px;
-	border: 1px solid #f26522;
-	background-color: #f26522;
-	color: #fff !important;
+	border: 1px solid #ff3d3d;
+	background-color: transparent;
+	color: #ff3d3d !important;
 	font-size: 0.7rem;
 	font-weight: 340;
 	text-decoration: none !important;
@@ -96,27 +189,22 @@
 	color: var(--foreground-color) !important;
 }
 [data-theme='light'] .rss-subscribe__link {
-	background-color: #f26522;
-	border-color: #f26522;
-	color: #fff !important;
+	background-color: transparent;
+	border-color: #ff3d3d;
+	color: #ff3d3d !important;
 }
 [data-theme='light'] .rss-subscribe__link:hover,
 [data-theme='light'] .rss-subscribe__link:focus {
 	background-color: transparent;
-	border-color: #f26522;
-	color: #f26522 !important;
+	border-color: #89808092;
+	color: #000000bc !important;
 }
 
 .rss-subscribe__link:hover,
 .rss-subscribe__link:focus {
 	background-color: transparent;
-	border-color: #f26522;
-	color: #f26522 !important;
-}
-
-.rss-subscribe__link:hover {
-	background-color: transparent;
-	color: var(--foreground-color) !important;
+	border-color: #89808092;
+	color: #000000bc !important;
 }
 
 .rss-subscribe__link svg {
@@ -272,9 +360,9 @@
 	padding: 0;
 	box-sizing: border-box;
 	border-radius: 3px;
-	border: 1px solid #f26522;
+	border: 1px solid #ff3d3d;
 	background-color: transparent;
-	color: #f26522;
+	color: #ff3d3d;
 	cursor: pointer;
 	user-select: none;
 	transition:
@@ -283,8 +371,9 @@
 }
 
 .brand__mobile-toggle:hover {
-	background-color: #f26522;
-	color: #fff;
+	background-color: transparent;
+	border-color: #89808092;
+	color: #000000bc;
 }
 
 /* Mobile dropdown panel */
@@ -306,14 +395,17 @@
 	display: flex;
 }
 
+
 [data-theme='light'] .brand__mobile-check:checked ~ .brand__mobile-toggle {
-	background-color: #f26522;
-	color: #fff;
+	background-color: transparent;
+	border-color: #89808092;
+	color: #000000bc;
 }
 @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
 	.brand__mobile-check:checked ~ .brand__mobile-toggle {
-		background-color: #f26522;
-		color: #fff;
+		background-color: transparent;
+		border-color: #89808092;
+		color: #000000bc;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -329,6 +421,16 @@
 	transition: background-color 0.15s ease;
 }
 
+[data-theme='light'] .brand__mobile-check:checked ~ .brand__mobile-links .mobile-link {
+	color: #ff3d3d;
+}
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
+	.brand__mobile-check:checked ~ .brand__mobile-links .mobile-link {
+		color: #ff3d3d;
+	}
+}
+
 .mobile-link:hover {
 	background-color: var(--background-color1);
 }
@@ -337,6 +439,7 @@
 	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--foreground-color3);
 }
 
+
 /* Mobile toggle dark mode colors */
 @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
 	.brand__mobile-toggle {
@@ -352,12 +455,13 @@
 
 [data-theme='light'] .brand__mobile-toggle {
 	background-color: transparent;
-	border-color: #f26522;
-	color: #f26522;
+	border-color: #ff3d3d;
+	color: #ff3d3d;
 }
 [data-theme='light'] .brand__mobile-toggle:hover {
-	background-color: #f26522;
-	color: #fff;
+	background-color: transparent;
+	border-color: #89808092;
+	color: #000000bc;
 }
 [data-theme='dark'] .brand__mobile-toggle {
 	background-color: transparent;
@@ -435,9 +539,10 @@
 [data-theme='light'] {
 	--background-color: #fff;
 	--background-color1: #777;
-	--foreground-color: #000000f4;
+	--foreground-color: #000000e1;
 	--foreground-color3: #665c54;
-	--accent-color: #00000094;
+	--accent-color: #1133e9c5;
+	--menu-color: #000000b4;
 }
 
 /* Force dark theme */
@@ -554,3 +659,218 @@
 		display: none !important;
 	}
 }
+
+/* ── UniNotes Contents Panel ─────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+.uninotes-contents {
+  margin: 1.25rem 0 2rem 0;
+  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-color);
+  padding-left: 1rem;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 1.5rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__semester {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.6rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__sem-link {
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  color: var(--foreground-color);
+  text-decoration: none;
+  font-size: 2rem;
+  font-weight: 620;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__sem-link:hover {
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__subject {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.6rem;
+  padding-left: 0.7rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__subject-link {
+  font-size: 0.95rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--foreground-color);
+  text-decoration: none;
+  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__subject-link:hover {
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__units {
+  list-style: none;
+  padding: 0.6px;
+  margin: 0.15rem 0 0 0.75rem;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.4rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__unit {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.7rem;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__unit-link {
+  font-size: 0.9rem;
+  color: var(--foreground-color);
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__unit-link:hover {
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__unit-cats {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 0.3rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__cat {
+  font-size: 0.65rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+  padding: 0.1rem 0.45rem;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  border: 1px solid currentColor;
+  text-decoration: none;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__cat--self {
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__cat--self:hover {
+  background: var(--accent-color);
+  color: var(--background-color, #fff);
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__cat--live {
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__cat--live:hover {
+  background: var(--accent-color);
+  color: var(--background-color, #fff);
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__cat--na {
+  color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
+  opacity: 0.45;
+  cursor: not-allowed;
+}
+
+/* ── Unit Choice Page (Self / Live) ─────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+.unit-choice__subtitle {
+  color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
+  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
+  font-size: 0.95rem;
+}
+
+.unit-choice__options {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 1.2rem;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  margin-top: 1rem;
+  margin-bottom: 2rem;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 600px) {
+  .unit-choice__options {
+    flex-direction: column;
+    align-items: center;
+  }
+  .unit-choice__card {
+    width: 100%;
+    max-width: 260px;
+    flex: none;
+  }
+}
+
+.unit-choice__card {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 180px;
+  max-width: 260px;
+  border: 2px solid var(--accent-color);
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  padding: 1.75rem 1.5rem;
+  text-decoration: none;
+  color: var(--foreground-color);
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.6rem;
+  transition: background 0.18s ease, color 0.18s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
+  text-align: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.unit-choice__card:hover {
+  background: var(--accent-color);
+  color: var(--background-color, #fff);
+  transform: translateY(-2px);
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/* .unit-choice__card--live intentionally matches .unit-choice__card — no overrides */
+
+.unit-choice__icon {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
+}
+
+.unit-choice__label {
+  font-size: 1.25rem;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
+}
+
+.unit-choice__desc {
+  font-size: 0.8rem;
+  opacity: 0.72;
+  line-height: 1.45;
+}
+
+/* notecategory pill colour */
+.uninotes-meta__pill--self {
+  border-color: var(--accent-color);
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+}
+
+.uninotes-meta__pill--live {
+  border-color: var(--accent-color);
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+}
+
+.unit-choice__card--unavailable {
+  border-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
+  color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
+  cursor: not-allowed;
+  opacity: 0.45;
+}
+
+.unit-choice__card--unavailable:hover {
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
+  transform: none;
+}

docs/css/style.css

@@ -1,774 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Styles are mobile-first. Desktop styles are wrapped in media queries.
-Naming convention: BEM (Block, Element, Modifier). When it's difficult to add classes, I will use tag names.
-*/
-*,
-*::before,
-*::after {
-  box-sizing: border-box; }
-
-.body {
-  margin: 0; }
-
-a {
-  text-decoration: none; }
-
-.menu__list,
-.translation-list,
-.pagination {
-  list-style-type: none;
-  padding-inline-start: 0; }
-
-ul:has(> li > input[type="checkbox"]) {
-  list-style-type: none;
-  padding-inline-start: 1em; }
-
-blockquote {
-  margin: 0; }
-
-.body {
-  margin-left: 16px;
-  margin-right: 16px; }
-
-@media (min-width: 800px) {
-  .body {
-    width: 768px;
-    margin-left: auto;
-    margin-right: auto; } }
-
-:root {
-  --background-color: #171414;
-  --background-color1: #fff;
-  --foreground-color: #e3e1db;
-  --foreground-color3: #ccc3b3;
-  --accent-color: #fff; }
-
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
-  :root {
-    --background-color: #fbf1c7;
-    --background-color1: #ebdbb2;
-    --foreground-color: #3c3836;
-    --foreground-color3: #665c54;
-    --accent-color: #af3a03; } }
-
-.body {
-  background-color: var(--background-color);
-  color: var(--foreground-color); }
-
-h1,
-h2,
-h3,
-h4,
-h5,
-h6 {
-  color: var(--foreground-color); }
-
-a {
-  color: var(--accent-color); }
-
-.header {
-  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--background-color1); }
-
-.brand {
-  display: flex;
-  align-items: center;
-  gap: 6.9px;
-  margin-bottom: -18px; }
-
-.brand img {
-  height: 37px;
-  padding: 0px; }
-
-.footer {
-  border-top: 1px solid var(--background-color1); }
-
-blockquote {
-  background-color: var(--background-color1); }
-  [dir=rtl] blockquote {
-    border-right: 0.5rem solid var(--accent-color); }
-  [dir=ltr] blockquote {
-    border-left: 0.5rem solid var(--accent-color); }
-
-:not(pre) > code {
-  background-color: var(--background-color1); }
-
-hr {
-  background: var(--background-color1); }
-
-table {
-  background-color: var(--background-color1); }
-
-td,
-th {
-  border: 1px solid var(--background-color); }
-
-figcaption {
-  color: var(--foreground-color3); }
-
-/* Background */
-.bg {
-  color: #3c3836;
-  background-color: #fbf1c7; }
-
-/* PreWrapper */
-.chroma {
-  color: #3c3836;
-  background-color: #fbf1c7; }
-
-/* Other */
-/* Error */
-/* CodeLine */
-/* LineLink */
-.chroma .lnlinks {
-  outline: none;
-  text-decoration: none;
-  color: inherit; }
-
-/* LineTableTD */
-.chroma .lntd {
-  vertical-align: top;
-  padding: 0;
-  margin: 0;
-  border: 0; }
-
-/* LineTable */
-.chroma .lntable {
-  border-spacing: 0;
-  padding: 0;
-  margin: 0;
-  border: 0; }
-
-/* LineHighlight */
-.chroma .hl {
-  background-color: #e1d8b3; }
-
-/* LineNumbersTable */
-.chroma .lnt {
-  white-space: pre;
-  -webkit-user-select: none;
-  user-select: none;
-  margin-right: 0.4em;
-  padding: 0 0.4em 0 0.4em;
-  color: #9d9b9a; }
-
-/* LineNumbers */
-.chroma .ln {
-  white-space: pre;
-  -webkit-user-select: none;
-  user-select: none;
-  margin-right: 0.4em;
-  padding: 0 0.4em 0 0.4em;
-  color: #9d9b9a; }
-
-/* Line */
-.chroma .line {
-  display: flex; }
-
-/* Keyword */
-.chroma .k {
-  color: #af3a03; }
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-/* KeywordConstant */
-.chroma .kc {
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-
-/* KeywordNamespace */
-.chroma .kn {
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-/* KeywordPseudo */
-.chroma .kp {
-  color: #af3a03; }
-
-/* KeywordReserved */
-.chroma .kr {
-  color: #af3a03; }
-
-/* KeywordType */
-.chroma .kt {
-  color: #b57614; }
-
-/* Name */
-/* NameAttribute */
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docs/index.html

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.157.0"><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Home"><meta property="og:description" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Home"><meta itemprop=description content="Freedoms4"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00"><meta itemprop=wordCount content="198"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.160.1"><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Home"><meta property="og:description" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Home"><meta itemprop=description content="Freedoms4"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00"><meta itemprop=wordCount content="197"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
 <svg class="theme-toggle__sun" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 7c-2.76.0-5 2.24-5 5s2.24 5 5 5 5-2.24 5-5-2.24-5-5-5zM2 13h2c.55.0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1H2c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1zm18 0h2c.55.0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1h-2c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1zM11 2v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1V2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1zm0 18v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1zM5.99 4.58c-.39-.39-1.03-.39-1.41.0-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41l1.06 1.06c.39.39 1.03.39 1.41.0s.39-1.03.0-1.41L5.99 4.58zm12.37 12.37c-.39-.39-1.03-.39-1.41.0-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41l1.06 1.06c.39.39 1.03.39 1.41.0.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41l-1.06-1.06zm1.06-12.37-1.06 1.06c-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41s1.03.39 1.41.0l1.06-1.06c.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41s-1.03-.39-1.41.0zM7.05 18.36l-1.06 1.06c-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41s1.03.39 1.41.0l1.06-1.06c.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41s-1.03-.39-1.41.0z"/></svg>
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@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@
 <label class=brand__mobile-toggle for=mobile-menu-check aria-label=Menu><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></label><div class=brand__mobile-links><a href=/login/ class=mobile-link>Login</a>
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 <a href=/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1 class=heading id=hello-welcome->Hello! Welcome 🙏<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#hello-welcome->#</a></span></h1><p style=text-indent:1.185em>My name is <b>hyzen</b>, I'm the founder of this site. This site is my space to write about my views on various subjects and explore ideas that matter to me. I also provide free <a href=/services/>services</a> to the public that may matter to them.</p><h3 class=heading id=on-the-blog-im-writing-about>On the <a href=/blog/>blog</a> I&rsquo;m writing about:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#on-the-blog-im-writing-about>#</a></span></h3><ul><li><strong>Tech</strong> - Free and Open-Source Software, digital freedom.</li><li><strong>Philosophy</strong> - Reflections on ideas, ethics, meaning, and ways of thinking.</li><li><strong>Communism</strong> - I believe in Marxism. I am committed to the principle of providing internet services in a <b>socialist way</b>. This means creating tools and spaces that prioritize community benefit over profit, and believing in the collective good.</li><li><strong>Politics as a whole</strong> - Commentary on political systems, economics, and social issues.</li></ul><p style=text-indent:1.185em>Beyond theoretical discussions, I may also write about my day-to-day experiences, thoughts, and feelings - the personal reflections that shape my worldview and understanding of the world around me.</p><h3 class=heading id=motive>Motive:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#motive>#</a></span></h3><p style=text-indent:1.185em>My goal is for everyone who visits this site to leave with something valuable.</p><h3 class=heading id=sites-code>Site&rsquo;s Code:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#sites-code>#</a></span></h3><p style=text-indent:1.185em>This site is also built with open source tools like Hugo and served freely. If you're interested in the code , you can find it <a href=https://git.freedoms4.org/hyzen/hyzendust.github.io target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">here↗.</a></p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1 class=heading id=namaste->Namaste 🙏<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#namaste->#</a></span></h1><p style=text-indent:1.185em>My name is <b>hyzen</b>, I'm the founder of this site. This site is my space to write about my views on various subjects and explore ideas that matter to me. I also provide free <a href=/services/>services</a> to the public that may matter to them.</p><h3 class=heading id=on-the-blog-im-writing-about>On the <a href=/blog/>blog</a> I&rsquo;m writing about:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#on-the-blog-im-writing-about>#</a></span></h3><ul><li><strong>Tech</strong> - Free and Open-Source Software, digital freedom.</li><li><strong>Philosophy</strong> - Reflections on ideas, ethics, meaning, and ways of thinking.</li><li><strong>Communism</strong> - I believe in Marxism. I am committed to the principle of providing internet services in a <b>socialist way</b>. This means creating tools and spaces that prioritize community benefit over profit, and believing in the collective good.</li><li><strong>Politics as a whole</strong> - Commentary on political systems, economics, and social issues.</li></ul><p style=text-indent:1.185em>Beyond theoretical discussions, I may also write about my day-to-day experiences, thoughts, and feelings - the personal reflections that shape my worldview and understanding of the world around me.</p><h3 class=heading id=motive>Motive:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#motive>#</a></span></h3><p style=text-indent:1.185em>My goal is for everyone who visits this site to leave with something valuable.</p><h3 class=heading id=sites-code>Site&rsquo;s Code:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#sites-code>#</a></span></h3><p style=text-indent:1.185em>This site is also built with open source tools like Hugo and served freely. If you're interested in the code , you can find it <a href=https://git.freedoms4.org/hyzen/hyzendust.github.io target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">here↗.</a></p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/index.xml

@@ -32,4 +32,286 @@ Academics is good only as a concept. It’s implementation and system is
 </h2><p><strong><a href="https://mastodon.social/@hyzen">Mastodon</a>:</strong> <a href="mailto:hyzen@mastodon.social">hyzen@mastodon.social</a></p>
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lemmy:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@lemmy.today"&gt;hyzen@lemmy.today&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>File share</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/services/file-share/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/services/file-share/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;Visit &lt;a href="https://share.freedoms4.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
 share.freedoms4.org↗
-&lt;/a&gt; to quickly upload files and get sharable links.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>XMPP Account</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;Send your desired username to &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;hyzen@freedoms4.org&lt;/a&gt; via Email (or via XMPP if already have an XMPP account). Account creation can take upto 24 hours.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>
+&lt;/a&gt; to quickly upload files and get sharable links.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+ Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
+ Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
+ Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
+ A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
+ B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
+ C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
+ Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
+ Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;
+ Definition of Economics by various individuals&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="nature"&gt;
+ Nature&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#nature"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Positive (what is, based on data and logic)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;
+ B) Economics as an Art&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Applied (real world, how to implement)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Described Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Models to predict economic outcomes.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Real-world evidence.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Deductive and Inductive reasoning.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="methods"&gt;
+ Methods&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#methods"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Inductive (specific -&amp;gt; general).&lt;br&gt;
+B) Deductive (general -&amp;gt; specific).&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="theories-on-the-origin-of-language"&gt;
+ Theories on the Origin of Language&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#theories-on-the-origin-of-language"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="types-of-theories"&gt;
+ Types of Theories&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-theories"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Divine.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Bow-Bow.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Pooh-Pooh.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Ding-Dong.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Gesture.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Yo-He-Ho.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Musical.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Tool-Making.&lt;br&gt;
+I) Evolutionary.&lt;br&gt;
+J) Symbolic.&lt;br&gt;
+K) Contemporary Perspective.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="introduction"&gt;
+ Introduction&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#introduction"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
+ Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
+         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
+         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
+ Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
+ A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
+ B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
+ C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
+ D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
+ E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
+ Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="primary-sector"&gt;
+ Primary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#primary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="secondary-sector"&gt;
+ Secondary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#secondary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-utility"&gt;
+ Types of Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Form Utility&lt;br&gt;
+B) Place&lt;br&gt;
+C) Time&lt;br&gt;
+D) Possession&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Equi-Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Exceptions of Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Assumption of increase in price.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Giffen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+D) War.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Economic depression.
+F) Essential goods.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="behaviors-of-managers"&gt;
+ Behaviors of Managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#behaviors-of-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-coaching-managers"&gt;
+ A) Coaching managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-coaching-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coaching managers usually take on a teacher-like role, and they have an excellent understanding of
+the different stages of professional development. They love to motivate their employees to improve.
+They do this by helping them build strong personal relationships. Some of the most common
+qualities of a coaching manager include:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Educating every employee of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Looking after the long-term professional development of their employees.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Bringing the team together whilst also evaluating each individual&amp;rsquo;s progress.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-authoritative-managers"&gt;
+ B) Authoritative managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-authoritative-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Authoritative managers make sure that they are handling most of the decision-making and task
+delegation by themselves, whilst also making sure that they are maintaining a strict protocol in their
+office. They most often focus on adhering to rules and making sure that employees complete tasks
+as per the company’s standard of quality. Some of the common qualities of an authoritative manager
+include:&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
+ Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
+ Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
+ A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
+monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
+Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
+all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
+ B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
+ C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
+ D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
+(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
+ E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
+ F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
+purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;</description></item><item><title>XMPP Account</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;Send your desired username to &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;hyzen@freedoms4.org&lt;/a&gt; via Email (or via XMPP if already have an XMPP account). Account creation can take upto 24 hours.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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docs/semester/index.html

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+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Semester | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/semester/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Semester"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Semester"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/semester/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/>S1 (9)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/semester/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Semester on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/semester/</link><description>Recent content in Semester on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/semester/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>S1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/</guid><description/></item><item><title>S2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s2/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s2/</guid><description/></item><item><title>S3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s3/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s3/</guid><description/></item><item><title>S4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s4/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s4/</guid><description/></item><item><title>S5</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s5/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s5/</guid><description/></item><item><title>S6</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s6/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s6/</guid><description/></item></channel></rss>

docs/services/file-share/index.html

@@ -7,5 +7,6 @@
 <label class=brand__mobile-toggle for=mobile-menu-check aria-label=Menu><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></label><div class=brand__mobile-links><a href=/login/ class=mobile-link>Login</a>
 <a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
 <a href=/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><p>Visit <a href=https://share.freedoms4.org target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">share.freedoms4.org↗
-</a>to quickly upload files and get sharable links.</p><nav class=page-nav><a href=/services/xmpp-account/>Next: XMPP Account</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/services/>Services</a>
+› <span>File share</span></nav><h1>File share</h1><p>Visit <a href=https://share.freedoms4.org target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">share.freedoms4.org↗
+</a>to quickly upload files and get sharable links.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/services/xmpp-account/>XMPP Account →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/services/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@
 <label class=brand__mobile-toggle for=mobile-menu-check aria-label=Menu><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></label><div class=brand__mobile-links><a href=/login/ class=mobile-link>Login</a>
 <a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
 <a href=/services/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1>Services</h1><h2 class=home-post-title>1. <a href=/services/file-share/>File share</a></h2><h2 class=home-post-title>2. <a href=/services/xmpp-account/>XMPP Account</a></h2><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/services/>Services</a></nav><h1>Services</h1><ol class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--subjects"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/services/file-share/>File share</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/services/xmpp-account/>XMPP Account</a></li></ol></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/services/page/1/index.html

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en-us><head><title>https://freedoms4.org/services/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://freedoms4.org/services/><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://freedoms4.org/services/"></head></html>

docs/services/xmpp-account/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,5 @@
 <label class=brand__mobile-toggle for=mobile-menu-check aria-label=Menu><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></label><div class=brand__mobile-links><a href=/login/ class=mobile-link>Login</a>
 <a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
 <a href=/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><p>Send your desired username to <a href=mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org>hyzen@freedoms4.org</a> via Email (or via XMPP if already have an XMPP account). Account creation can take upto 24 hours.</p><nav class=page-nav><a href=/services/file-share/>Prev: File share</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/services/>Services</a>
+› <span>XMPP Account</span></nav><h1>XMPP Account</h1><p>Send your desired username to <a href=mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org>hyzen@freedoms4.org</a> via Email (or via XMPP if already have an XMPP account). Account creation can take upto 24 hours.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/services/file-share/>← File share</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/signup/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@
 <label class=brand__mobile-toggle for=mobile-menu-check aria-label=Menu><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></label><div class=brand__mobile-links><a href=/login/ class=mobile-link>Login</a>
 <a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
 <a href=/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1>Coming soon!</h1><p>The feature is not available yet.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1>Coming soon!</h1><p>The feature is not available yet.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/sitemap.xml

@@ -1 +1 @@
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docs/subjectcode/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
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docs/subjectcode/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Subject Code on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/</link><description>Recent content in Subject Code on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>BO DCM1109</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/</guid><description/></item><item><title>ET DCM1107</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/</guid><description/></item><item><title>FA DCM1108</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/fa-dcm1108/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/fa-dcm1108/</guid><description/></item><item><title>GE DCM1106</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/</guid><description/></item><item><title>PBM DCM1110</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/</guid><description/></item></channel></rss>

docs/tags/academics/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,7 @@
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+<a href=/categories/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>Categories</a></h1><h2>Academics</h2><div style=margin-bottom:2rem></div><section class=posts-list><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h2 class=term-post-title><a href=/blog/what-is-education/>What is Education?</a></h2></section><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/tags/academics/page/1/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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docs/tags/education/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,7 @@
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+› <span>Education</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> |
+<a href=/categories/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>Categories</a></h1><h2>Education</h2><div style=margin-bottom:2rem></div><section class=posts-list><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h2 class=term-post-title><a href=/blog/what-is-education/>What is Education?</a></h2></section><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/tags/education/page/1/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en-us><head><title>https://freedoms4.org/tags/education/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://freedoms4.org/tags/education/><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://freedoms4.org/tags/education/"></head></html>

docs/tags/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,5 @@
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-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/tags/academics/>Academics (1)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/tags/education/>Education (1)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/tags/system/>System (1)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
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docs/tags/system/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,7 @@
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 <a href=/tags/system/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
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+› <a href=/categories/>Categories</a>
+› <span>System</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> |
+<a href=/categories/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>Categories</a></h1><h2>System</h2><div style=margin-bottom:2rem></div><section class=posts-list><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h2 class=term-post-title><a href=/blog/what-is-education/>What is Education?</a></h2></section><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/tags/system/page/1/index.html

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+<!doctype html><html lang=en-us><head><title>https://freedoms4.org/tags/system/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://freedoms4.org/tags/system/><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://freedoms4.org/tags/system/"></head></html>

docs/uninotes/index.html

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+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>UniNotes | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="UniNotes"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="UniNotes"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/uninotes/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+<a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
+<a href=/uninotes/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></nav><h1>UniNotes</h1><h3>Contents</h3><div class=uninotes-contents><div class=uninotes-contents__semester><a class=uninotes-contents__sem-link href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a><div class=uninotes-contents__subject><a class=uninotes-contents__subject-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a><ul class=uninotes-contents__units><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/>Self</a>
+<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/>Self</a>
+<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/>Unit 3</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/>Self</a>
+<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li></ul></div><div class=uninotes-contents__subject><a class=uninotes-contents__subject-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a><ul class=uninotes-contents__units><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Self</span>
+<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/>Live</a></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Self</span>
+<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/>Live</a></span></li></ul></div><div class=uninotes-contents__subject><a class=uninotes-contents__subject-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106</a><ul class=uninotes-contents__units><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Self</span>
+<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/>Live</a></span></li></ul></div><div class=uninotes-contents__subject><a class=uninotes-contents__subject-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110</a><ul class=uninotes-contents__units><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/>Self</a>
+<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/>Live</a></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/>Self</a>
+<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/index.xml

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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <span>BO DCM1109</span></nav><h1>BO DCM1109</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>Unit 2</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/>Unit 3</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/</link><description>Recent content in BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+ Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
+ Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
+ Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
+ A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
+ B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
+ C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
+ Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="primary-sector"&gt;
+ Primary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#primary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="secondary-sector"&gt;
+ Secondary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#secondary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
+ Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
+ Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
+ A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
+monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
+Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
+all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
+ B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
+ C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
+ D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
+(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
+ E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
+ F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
+purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/index.html

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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
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+› <span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+ Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
+ Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
+ Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
+ A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
+ B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
+ C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
+ Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/index.html

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+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a>
+› <span>Unit 2</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span></div><h1>Unit 2</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/index.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 2 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 2 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="primary-sector"&gt;
+ Primary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#primary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="secondary-sector"&gt;
+ Secondary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#secondary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/index.html

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+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 2 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 12, 2026 # Primary Sector # The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.
+Secondary Sector # The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 2"><meta property="og:description" content="April 12, 2026 # Primary Sector # The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.
+Secondary Sector # The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 2"><meta itemprop=description content="April 12, 2026 # Primary Sector # The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.
+Secondary Sector # The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="89"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,BO DCM1109"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
+› <span>Self</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--self">Self</span></div><h1>Unit 2</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#primary-sector>Primary Sector</a></li><li><a href=#secondary-sector>Secondary Sector</a></li><li><a href=#tertiary-sector>Tertiary Sector</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-12-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=primary-sector>Primary Sector<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#primary-sector>#</a></span></h2><p>The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.</p><h2 class=heading id=secondary-sector>Secondary Sector<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#secondary-sector>#</a></span></h2><p>The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.</p><h2 class=heading id=tertiary-sector>Tertiary Sector<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#tertiary-sector>#</a></span></h2><p>This involves the provision of services to businesses as well as final consumers.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/>← Unit 1</a>
+<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/>Unit 3 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/index.html

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+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 3 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 3"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 3"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
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+› <span>Unit 3</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span></div><h1>Unit 3</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 3 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 3 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
+ Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
+ Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
+ A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
+monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
+Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
+all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
+ B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
+ C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
+ D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
+(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
+ E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
+ F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
+purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 3 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 15, 2026 # Types of co-operatives formed # A) Consumer co-operatives.
+B) Producer co-operatives.
+C) Marketing co-operatives.
+D) Housing co-operatives.
+E) Credit co-operatives.
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.
+Types of Companies # A) On the Basis of Incorporation # Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the monarch (no longer applicable in India). Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC). Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost all modern business entities in India. B) On the Basis of Liability # Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)]. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)]. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)]. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares. C) On the Basis of Ownership # Private Company (Section 2(68)). Public Company (Section 2(71)). One Person Company (Section 2(62)). D) On the Basis of Control # Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover (subsidiary of Tata Motors). E) On the Basis of Nationality # Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd. F) On the Basis of Purpose # For-Profit Companies. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation. "><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 3"><meta property="og:description" content="April 15, 2026 # Types of co-operatives formed # A) Consumer co-operatives.
+B) Producer co-operatives.
+C) Marketing co-operatives.
+D) Housing co-operatives.
+E) Credit co-operatives.
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.
+Types of Companies # A) On the Basis of Incorporation # Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the monarch (no longer applicable in India). Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC). Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost all modern business entities in India. B) On the Basis of Liability # Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)]. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)]. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)]. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares. C) On the Basis of Ownership # Private Company (Section 2(68)). Public Company (Section 2(71)). One Person Company (Section 2(62)). D) On the Basis of Control # Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover (subsidiary of Tata Motors). E) On the Basis of Nationality # Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd. F) On the Basis of Purpose # For-Profit Companies. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 3"><meta itemprop=description content="April 15, 2026 # Types of co-operatives formed # A) Consumer co-operatives.
+B) Producer co-operatives.
+C) Marketing co-operatives.
+D) Housing co-operatives.
+E) Credit co-operatives.
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.
+Types of Companies # A) On the Basis of Incorporation # Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the monarch (no longer applicable in India). Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC). Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost all modern business entities in India. B) On the Basis of Liability # Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)]. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)]. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)]. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares. C) On the Basis of Ownership # Private Company (Section 2(68)). Public Company (Section 2(71)). One Person Company (Section 2(62)). D) On the Basis of Control # Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover (subsidiary of Tata Motors). E) On the Basis of Nationality # Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd. F) On the Basis of Purpose # For-Profit Companies. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="254"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,BO DCM1109"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
+<svg class="theme-toggle__sun" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 7c-2.76.0-5 2.24-5 5s2.24 5 5 5 5-2.24 5-5-2.24-5-5-5zM2 13h2c.55.0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1H2c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1zm18 0h2c.55.0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1h-2c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1zM11 2v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1V2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1zm0 18v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1zM5.99 4.58c-.39-.39-1.03-.39-1.41.0-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41l1.06 1.06c.39.39 1.03.39 1.41.0s.39-1.03.0-1.41L5.99 4.58zm12.37 12.37c-.39-.39-1.03-.39-1.41.0-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41l1.06 1.06c.39.39 1.03.39 1.41.0.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41l-1.06-1.06zm1.06-12.37-1.06 1.06c-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41s1.03.39 1.41.0l1.06-1.06c.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41s-1.03-.39-1.41.0zM7.05 18.36l-1.06 1.06c-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41s1.03.39 1.41.0l1.06-1.06c.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41s-1.03-.39-1.41.0z"/></svg>
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/>Unit 3</a>
+› <span>Self</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--self">Self</span></div><h1>Unit 3</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-15-2026><em><strong>April 15, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#types-of-co-operatives-formed>Types of co-operatives formed</a></li><li><a href=#types-of-companies>Types of Companies</a><ul><li><a href=#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation>A) On the Basis of Incorporation</a></li><li><a href=#b-on-the-basis-of-liability>B) On the Basis of Liability</a></li><li><a href=#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership>C) On the Basis of Ownership</a></li><li><a href=#d-on-the-basis-of-control>D) On the Basis of Control</a></li><li><a href=#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality>E) On the Basis of Nationality</a></li><li><a href=#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose>F) On the Basis of Purpose</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-15-2026><em><strong>April 15, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-15-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=types-of-co-operatives-formed>Types of co-operatives formed<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#types-of-co-operatives-formed>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Consumer co-operatives.<br>B) Producer co-operatives.<br>C) Marketing co-operatives.<br>D) Housing co-operatives.<br>E) Credit co-operatives.<br>F) Cooperative Farming Societies.</p><h2 class=heading id=types-of-companies>Types of Companies<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#types-of-companies>#</a></span></h2><h3 class=heading id=a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation>A) On the Basis of Incorporation<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
+monarch (no longer applicable in India).</li><li>Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
+Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).</li><li>Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
+all modern business entities in India.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-on-the-basis-of-liability>B) On the Basis of Liability<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-on-the-basis-of-liability>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].</li><li>Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].</li><li>Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].</li><li>Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=c-on-the-basis-of-ownership>C) On the Basis of Ownership<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Private Company (Section 2(68)).</li><li>Public Company (Section 2(71)).</li><li>One Person Company (Section 2(62)).</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=d-on-the-basis-of-control>D) On the Basis of Control<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#d-on-the-basis-of-control>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.</li><li>Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
+(subsidiary of Tata Motors).</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=e-on-the-basis-of-nationality>E) On the Basis of Nationality<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.</li><li>Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=f-on-the-basis-of-purpose>F) On the Basis of Purpose<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>For-Profit Companies.</li><li>Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
+purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.</li></ol><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>← Unit 2</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <span>ET DCM1107</span></nav><h1>ET DCM1107</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/>Unit 2</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>← BO DCM1109</a>
+<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/</link><description>Recent content in ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
+ Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;
+ Definition of Economics by various individuals&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="nature"&gt;
+ Nature&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#nature"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Positive (what is, based on data and logic)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;
+ B) Economics as an Art&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Applied (real world, how to implement)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Described Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Models to predict economic outcomes.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Real-world evidence.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Deductive and Inductive reasoning.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="methods"&gt;
+ Methods&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#methods"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Inductive (specific -&amp;gt; general).&lt;br&gt;
+B) Deductive (general -&amp;gt; specific).&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-utility"&gt;
+ Types of Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Form Utility&lt;br&gt;
+B) Place&lt;br&gt;
+C) Time&lt;br&gt;
+D) Possession&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Equi-Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Exceptions of Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Assumption of increase in price.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Giffen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+D) War.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Economic depression.
+F) Essential goods.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 1"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a>
+› <span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Live class notes</div></a></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
+ Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;
+ Definition of Economics by various individuals&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="nature"&gt;
+ Nature&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#nature"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Positive (what is, based on data and logic)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;
+ B) Economics as an Art&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Applied (real world, how to implement)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Described Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Models to predict economic outcomes.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Real-world evidence.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Deductive and Inductive reasoning.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="methods"&gt;
+ Methods&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#methods"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Inductive (specific -&amp;gt; general).&lt;br&gt;
+B) Deductive (general -&amp;gt; specific).&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/index.html

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+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 5, 2026 # Course Objectives # A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.
+Definition of Economics by various individuals # A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.
+Nature # A) Economics as a Science # Positive (what is, based on data and logic) Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements) B) Economics as an Art # Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals) Applied (real world, how to implement) A) Described Economics as a Science # Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand). Models to predict economic outcomes. Data analysis, observation, hypothesis. Real-world evidence. Deductive and Inductive reasoning. Limitaion: Human behaviour involved. Methods # A) Inductive (specific -> general).
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+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.
+Definition of Economics by various individuals # A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.
+Nature # A) Economics as a Science # Positive (what is, based on data and logic) Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements) B) Economics as an Art # Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals) Applied (real world, how to implement) A) Described Economics as a Science # Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand). Models to predict economic outcomes. Data analysis, observation, hypothesis. Real-world evidence. Deductive and Inductive reasoning. Limitaion: Human behaviour involved. Methods # A) Inductive (specific -> general).
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+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.
+Definition of Economics by various individuals # A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.
+Nature # A) Economics as a Science # Positive (what is, based on data and logic) Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements) B) Economics as an Art # Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals) Applied (real world, how to implement) A) Described Economics as a Science # Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand). Models to predict economic outcomes. Data analysis, observation, hypothesis. Real-world evidence. Deductive and Inductive reasoning. Limitaion: Human behaviour involved. Methods # A) Inductive (specific -> general).
+B) Deductive (general -> specific)."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="179"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,ET DCM1107"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+› <span>Live</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--live">Live</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-5-2026><em><strong>April 5, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#course-objectives>Course Objectives</a></li><li><a href=#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals>Definition of Economics by various individuals</a></li><li><a href=#nature>Nature</a><ul><li><a href=#a-economics-as-a-science>A) Economics as a Science</a></li><li><a href=#b-economics-as-an-art>B) Economics as an Art</a></li><li><a href=#a-described-economics-as-a-science>A) Described Economics as a Science</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#methods>Methods</a><ul><li><a href=#a-inductive>A) Inductive</a></li><li><a href=#b-deductive>B) Deductive</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-5-2026><em><strong>April 5, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-5-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=course-objectives>Course Objectives<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#course-objectives>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.<br>B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.</p><h2 class=heading id=definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals>Definition of Economics by various individuals<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.<br>B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.<br>C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.<br>D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.</p><h2 class=heading id=nature>Nature<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#nature>#</a></span></h2><h3 class=heading id=a-economics-as-a-science>A) Economics as a Science<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-economics-as-a-science>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Positive (what is, based on data and logic)</li><li>Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-economics-as-an-art>B) Economics as an Art<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-economics-as-an-art>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)</li><li>Applied (real world, how to implement)</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=a-described-economics-as-a-science>A) Described Economics as a Science<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-described-economics-as-a-science>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).</li><li>Models to predict economic outcomes.</li><li>Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.</li><li>Real-world evidence.</li><li>Deductive and Inductive reasoning.</li></ol><ul><li>Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=methods>Methods<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#methods>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Inductive (specific -> general).<br>B) Deductive (general -> specific).</p><h3 class=heading id=a-inductive>A) Inductive<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-inductive>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Real-world observation, identify problem.</li><li>Collect data, analyze and find patterns.</li><li>Formulate and test generalisations.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-deductive>B) Deductive<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-deductive>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Identify the general problem.</li><li>Assumptions, formulate hypothesis.</li><li>Verify using data.</li></ol><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/>Unit 2 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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+› <span>Unit 2</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span></div><h1>Unit 2</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Live class notes</div></a></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 2 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 2 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-utility"&gt;
+ Types of Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Form Utility&lt;br&gt;
+B) Place&lt;br&gt;
+C) Time&lt;br&gt;
+D) Possession&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Equi-Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Exceptions of Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Assumption of increase in price.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Giffen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+D) War.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Economic depression.
+F) Essential goods.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 2 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 12, 2026 # Types of Utility # A) Form Utility
+B) Place
+C) Time
+D) Possession
+Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility # Law of Equi-Marginal Utility # Law of Demand # Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.
+Exceptions of Law of Demand # A) Assumption of increase in price.
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.
+C) Giffen goods.
+D) War.
+E) Economic depression. F) Essential goods."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 2"><meta property="og:description" content="April 12, 2026 # Types of Utility # A) Form Utility
+B) Place
+C) Time
+D) Possession
+Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility # Law of Equi-Marginal Utility # Law of Demand # Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.
+Exceptions of Law of Demand # A) Assumption of increase in price.
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.
+C) Giffen goods.
+D) War.
+E) Economic depression. F) Essential goods."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 2"><meta itemprop=description content="April 12, 2026 # Types of Utility # A) Form Utility
+B) Place
+C) Time
+D) Possession
+Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility # Law of Equi-Marginal Utility # Law of Demand # Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.
+Exceptions of Law of Demand # A) Assumption of increase in price.
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.
+C) Giffen goods.
+D) War.
+E) Economic depression. F) Essential goods."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="71"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,ET DCM1107"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
+› <span>Live</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--live">Live</span></div><h1>Unit 2</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#types-of-utility>Types of Utility</a></li><li><a href=#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility>Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility</a></li><li><a href=#law-of-equi-marginal-utility>Law of Equi-Marginal Utility</a></li><li><a href=#law-of-demand>Law of Demand</a></li><li><a href=#exceptions-of-law-of-demand>Exceptions of Law of Demand</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-12-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=types-of-utility>Types of Utility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#types-of-utility>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Form Utility<br>B) Place<br>C) Time<br>D) Possession</p><h2 class=heading id=law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility>Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility>#</a></span></h2><h2 class=heading id=law-of-equi-marginal-utility>Law of Equi-Marginal Utility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#law-of-equi-marginal-utility>#</a></span></h2><h2 class=heading id=law-of-demand>Law of Demand<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#law-of-demand>#</a></span></h2><p>Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.</p><h2 class=heading id=exceptions-of-law-of-demand>Exceptions of Law of Demand<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#exceptions-of-law-of-demand>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Assumption of increase in price.<br>B) Status goods or Veblen goods.<br>C) Giffen goods.<br>D) War.<br>E) Economic depression.
+F) Essential goods.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>← Unit 1</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/fa-dcm1108/index.html

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docs/uninotes/s1/fa-dcm1108/index.xml

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docs/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/index.html

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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <span>GE DCM1106</span></nav><h1>GE DCM1106</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>← ET DCM1107</a>
+<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>GE DCM1106 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/</link><description>Recent content in GE DCM1106 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="theories-on-the-origin-of-language"&gt;
+ Theories on the Origin of Language&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#theories-on-the-origin-of-language"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="types-of-theories"&gt;
+ Types of Theories&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-theories"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Divine.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Bow-Bow.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Pooh-Pooh.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Ding-Dong.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Gesture.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Yo-He-Ho.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Musical.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Tool-Making.&lt;br&gt;
+I) Evolutionary.&lt;br&gt;
+J) Symbolic.&lt;br&gt;
+K) Contemporary Perspective.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 12, 2026 # Theories on the Origin of Language # Types of Theories # A) Divine.
+B) Bow-Bow.
+C) Pooh-Pooh.
+D) Ding-Dong.
+E) Gesture.
+F) Yo-He-Ho.
+G) Musical.
+H) Tool-Making.
+I) Evolutionary.
+J) Symbolic.
+K) Contemporary Perspective."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:description" content="April 12, 2026 # Theories on the Origin of Language # Types of Theories # A) Divine.
+B) Bow-Bow.
+C) Pooh-Pooh.
+D) Ding-Dong.
+E) Gesture.
+F) Yo-He-Ho.
+G) Musical.
+H) Tool-Making.
+I) Evolutionary.
+J) Symbolic.
+K) Contemporary Perspective."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 1"><meta itemprop=description content="April 12, 2026 # Theories on the Origin of Language # Types of Theories # A) Divine.
+B) Bow-Bow.
+C) Pooh-Pooh.
+D) Ding-Dong.
+E) Gesture.
+F) Yo-He-Ho.
+G) Musical.
+H) Tool-Making.
+I) Evolutionary.
+J) Symbolic.
+K) Contemporary Perspective."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="38"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,GE DCM1106"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+› <span>Live</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>GE DCM1106</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--live">Live</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#theories-on-the-origin-of-language>Theories on the Origin of Language</a><ul><li><a href=#types-of-theories>Types of Theories</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-12-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=theories-on-the-origin-of-language>Theories on the Origin of Language<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#theories-on-the-origin-of-language>#</a></span></h2><h3 class=heading id=types-of-theories>Types of Theories<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#types-of-theories>#</a></span></h3><p>A) Divine.<br>B) Bow-Bow.<br>C) Pooh-Pooh.<br>D) Ding-Dong.<br>E) Gesture.<br>F) Yo-He-Ho.<br>G) Musical.<br>H) Tool-Making.<br>I) Evolutionary.<br>J) Symbolic.<br>K) Contemporary Perspective.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>S1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="S1"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="S1"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/uninotes/s1/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <span>S1</span></nav><h1>S1</h1><ol class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--subjects"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110</a></li></ol></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>S1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/</link><description>Recent content in S1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+ Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
+ Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
+ Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
+ A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
+ B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
+ C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
+ Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
+ Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;
+ Definition of Economics by various individuals&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="nature"&gt;
+ Nature&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#nature"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Positive (what is, based on data and logic)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;
+ B) Economics as an Art&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Applied (real world, how to implement)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Described Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Models to predict economic outcomes.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Real-world evidence.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Deductive and Inductive reasoning.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="methods"&gt;
+ Methods&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#methods"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Inductive (specific -&amp;gt; general).&lt;br&gt;
+B) Deductive (general -&amp;gt; specific).&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="theories-on-the-origin-of-language"&gt;
+ Theories on the Origin of Language&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#theories-on-the-origin-of-language"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="types-of-theories"&gt;
+ Types of Theories&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-theories"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Divine.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Bow-Bow.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Pooh-Pooh.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Ding-Dong.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Gesture.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Yo-He-Ho.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Musical.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Tool-Making.&lt;br&gt;
+I) Evolutionary.&lt;br&gt;
+J) Symbolic.&lt;br&gt;
+K) Contemporary Perspective.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="introduction"&gt;
+ Introduction&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#introduction"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
+ Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
+         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
+         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
+ Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
+ A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
+ B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
+ C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
+ D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
+ E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
+ Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="primary-sector"&gt;
+ Primary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#primary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="secondary-sector"&gt;
+ Secondary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#secondary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-utility"&gt;
+ Types of Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Form Utility&lt;br&gt;
+B) Place&lt;br&gt;
+C) Time&lt;br&gt;
+D) Possession&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Equi-Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Exceptions of Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Assumption of increase in price.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Giffen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+D) War.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Economic depression.
+F) Essential goods.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="behaviors-of-managers"&gt;
+ Behaviors of Managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#behaviors-of-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-coaching-managers"&gt;
+ A) Coaching managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-coaching-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coaching managers usually take on a teacher-like role, and they have an excellent understanding of
+the different stages of professional development. They love to motivate their employees to improve.
+They do this by helping them build strong personal relationships. Some of the most common
+qualities of a coaching manager include:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Educating every employee of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Looking after the long-term professional development of their employees.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Bringing the team together whilst also evaluating each individual&amp;rsquo;s progress.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-authoritative-managers"&gt;
+ B) Authoritative managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-authoritative-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Authoritative managers make sure that they are handling most of the decision-making and task
+delegation by themselves, whilst also making sure that they are maintaining a strict protocol in their
+office. They most often focus on adhering to rules and making sure that employees complete tasks
+as per the company’s standard of quality. Some of the common qualities of an authoritative manager
+include:&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
+ Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
+ Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
+ A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
+monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
+Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
+all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
+ B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
+ C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
+ D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
+(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
+ E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
+ F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
+purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <span>PBM DCM1110</span></nav><h1>PBM DCM1110</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/>Unit 2</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>← GE DCM1106</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/</link><description>Recent content in PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="introduction"&gt;
+ Introduction&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#introduction"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
+ Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
+         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
+         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
+ Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
+ A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
+ B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
+ C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
+ D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
+ E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
+ Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="behaviors-of-managers"&gt;
+ Behaviors of Managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#behaviors-of-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-coaching-managers"&gt;
+ A) Coaching managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-coaching-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coaching managers usually take on a teacher-like role, and they have an excellent understanding of
+the different stages of professional development. They love to motivate their employees to improve.
+They do this by helping them build strong personal relationships. Some of the most common
+qualities of a coaching manager include:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Educating every employee of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Looking after the long-term professional development of their employees.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Bringing the team together whilst also evaluating each individual&amp;rsquo;s progress.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-authoritative-managers"&gt;
+ B) Authoritative managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-authoritative-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Authoritative managers make sure that they are handling most of the decision-making and task
+delegation by themselves, whilst also making sure that they are maintaining a strict protocol in their
+office. They most often focus on adhering to rules and making sure that employees complete tasks
+as per the company’s standard of quality. Some of the common qualities of an authoritative manager
+include:&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/index.html

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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110</a>
+› <span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Live class notes</div></a></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="introduction"&gt;
+ Introduction&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#introduction"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
+ Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
+         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
+         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
+ Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
+ A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
+ B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
+ C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
+ D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
+ E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
+ Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/index.html

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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+› <span>Live</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--live">Live</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#introduction>Introduction</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-12-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=introduction>Introduction<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#introduction>#</a></span></h2><p>Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/>Unit 2 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>