hyzendust.github.io/docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/index.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 3 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 3 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
 &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
 Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
 Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
 A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
 B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
 C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
 D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
 E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
 F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
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