Unit 3
Table of Contents
April 15, 2026 #
Classical approach comprised the following three approaches: #
A) Scientific Management #
In scientific management, scientific methods are used to study and analyse the problems in factories and businesses. It involves the use of rational methods, understanding issues, and finding relevant & practical solutions. The main contribution in scientific management is of Frederick Winslow Taylor, who is well renowned as ‘The father of scientific management’.
B) Administration Management #
It is mainly related to the performance of managers and has defined various functions of administration. In administration management, the emphasis is laid on evaluating the existing processes, identifying the underlying principles, and developing the management theories. These functions are interlinked and help managers perform effectively. The major contribution towards administration management is from Henry Fayol.
C) Bureaucratic Management #
This approach was founded by Max Weber, who believed bureaucracy is the best for the optimum utilisation of resources in an organisation. Such an approach is generally followed in government and military organisations. Bureaucratic management has a well-defined hierarchy, lines of authority, and procedures. Various rules and procedures are formed in bureaucracy to guide the functioning of an organisation.
Mechanisms of Scientific Management #
A) Separation of Planning and Doing.
B) Functional Foremanship - Training Department/Functional Department.
C) Job Analysis.
D) Standardisation.
E) Scientific Selection and Training of Workers.
F) Financial Incentives.
G) Economy.
H) Mental Revolution.
Henri Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management #
- Division of work.
- Authority and responsibility.
- Discipline.
- Unity of command.
- Unity of direction.
- Subordination of individual to general interest.
- Remuneration.
- Centralisation and decentralisation.
- Scalar chain.
- Order.
- Equity.
- Stability of tenure.
- Initiative.
- Esprit de Corps.
3 types of Authority in an organisation according to Max Weber #
- Traditional Authority.
- Charismatic Authority.
- Legal-Rational Authority.
Features of Legal-Rational Bureaucracy #
A) Official and Regular Business Operations.
B) Well-Defined Rules and Procedures.
C) Clearly Defined Authority and Supervision.
D) Separation of Personal and Official Affairs.
E) Written Documentation.
F) Division of Labour and Specialisation.
G) Hierarchical Structure of Authority.
H) System of Abstract and Formal Rules.