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Author SHA1 Message Date
hyzen
8874c143b8 Update: UniNotes looks 2026-04-16 02:27:38 +05:30
hyzen
5d1c8f6988 Update: UniNotes looks 2026-04-16 02:10:55 +05:30
hyzen
f918f73df0 Add: PBM Unit3 self 2026-04-16 01:40:27 +05:30
hyzen
0796fcc261 Update: UniNotes page 2026-04-15 17:42:53 +05:30
hyzen
75aa2fe529 Add: BO DCM1109 Unit3 2026-04-15 17:31:51 +05:30
hyzen
e2f0af4185 Update: changelog 2026-04-14 18:32:02 +05:30
hyzen
f9cc81bfef Update: changelog 2026-04-14 18:26:28 +05:30
hyzen
3a29ad32fe Update: changelog 2026-04-14 18:06:55 +05:30
hyzen
66316594e0 Update: changelog 2026-04-14 17:50:35 +05:30
hyzen
c5fa39e546 Update: uninotes page format 2026-04-14 17:49:22 +05:30
hyzen
68fd50ffcb Update: contents style uninotes page 2026-04-14 17:01:03 +05:30
29 changed files with 854 additions and 822 deletions

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@@ -2,8 +2,16 @@
title: "Changelog"
---
## [2026-04-15]
- Added UniNote PBM DCM1109 Uni3 Self.
## [2026-04-15]
- Added UniNote BO DCM1109 Uni3 Self.
## [2026-04-14]
### Added
- Changelog page linked in the footer beside the copyright notice
- Removed year from footer copyright to keep it cleaner
- Changelog page.
- Removed year from footer copyright.
- "Contents" style UniNotes page.

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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+++
draft = false
title = 'Unit 3'
unit = 'Unit 3'
layout = 'unit-choice'
url = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/'
+++

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@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+++
draft = false
semester = ['S1']
subjectcode = ['BO DCM1109']
unit = 'Unit 3'
notecategory = 'Self'
title = 'Unit 3'
toc = true
url = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/'
uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/'
+++
### ***April 15, 2026***
## Types of co-operatives formed
A) Consumer co-operatives.
B) Producer co-operatives.
C) Marketing co-operatives.
D) Housing co-operatives.
E) Credit co-operatives.
F) Cooperative Farming Societies.
## Types of Companies
### A) On the Basis of Incorporation
1. Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
monarch (no longer applicable in India).
2. Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).
3. Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
all modern business entities in India.
### B) On the Basis of Liability
1. Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].
2. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].
3. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].
4. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.
### C) On the Basis of Ownership
1. Private Company (Section 2(68)).
2. Public Company (Section 2(71)).
3. One Person Company (Section 2(62)).
### D) On the Basis of Control
1. Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.
2. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
(subsidiary of Tata Motors).
### E) On the Basis of Nationality
1. Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.
2. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.
### F) On the Basis of Purpose
1. For-Profit Companies.
2. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.

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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+++
draft = false
title = 'Unit 3'
unit = 'Unit 3'
layout = 'unit-choice'
url = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/'
+++

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@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+++
draft = false
semester = ['S1']
subjectcode = ['PBM DCM1110']
unit = 'Unit 3'
notecategory = 'Self'
title = 'Unit 3'
toc = true
url = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/'
uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/'
+++
### ***April 15, 2026***
## Classical approach comprised the following three approaches:
### A) Scientific Management
In scientific management, scientific methods are used to study and analyse the problems in factories and businesses. It involves the use of rational methods, understanding issues, and finding relevant & practical solutions. The main contribution in scientific management is of Frederick Winslow Taylor, who is well renowned as The father of scientific management.
### B) Administration Management
It is mainly related to the performance of managers and has defined various functions of administration. In administration management, the emphasis is laid on evaluating the existing processes, identifying the underlying principles, and developing the management theories. These functions are interlinked and help managers perform effectively. The major contribution towards administration management is from Henry Fayol.
### C) Bureaucratic Management
This approach was founded by Max Weber, who believed bureaucracy is the best for the optimum utilisation of resources in an organisation. Such an approach is generally followed in government and military organisations. Bureaucratic management has a well-defined hierarchy, lines of authority, and procedures. Various rules and procedures are formed in bureaucracy to guide the functioning of an organisation.
## Mechanisms of Scientific Management
A) Separation of Planning and Doing.
B) Functional Foremanship - Training Department/Functional Department.
C) Job Analysis.
D) Standardisation.
E) Scientific Selection and Training of Workers.
F) Financial Incentives.
G) Economy.
H) Mental Revolution.
## Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management
1. Division of work.
2. Authority and responsibility.
3. Discipline.
4. Unity of command.
5. Unity of direction.
6. Subordination of individual to general interest.
7. Remuneration.
8. Centralisation and decentralisation.
9. Scalar chain.
10. Order.
11. Equity.
12. Stability of tenure.
13. Initiative.
14. Esprit de Corps.
## 3 types of Authority in an organisation according to Max Weber
1. Traditional Authority.
2. Charismatic Authority.
3. Legal-Rational Authority.
## Features of Legal-Rational Bureaucracy
A) Official and Regular Business Operations.
B) Well-Defined Rules and Procedures.
C) Clearly Defined Authority and Supervision.
D) Separation of Personal and Official Affairs.
E) Written Documentation.
F) Division of Labour and Specialisation.
G) Hierarchical Structure of Authority.
H) System of Abstract and Formal Rules.

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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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@@ -660,6 +660,123 @@
}
}
/* ── UniNotes Contents Panel ─────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.uninotes-contents {
margin: 1.25rem 0 2rem 0;
border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-color);
padding-left: 1rem;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: 1.5rem;
}
.uninotes-contents__semester {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: 0.3rem;
}
.uninotes-contents__sem-link {
text-transform: uppercase;
color: var(--foreground-color);
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 2rem;
font-weight: 620;
}
.uninotes-contents__sem-link:hover {
color: var(--accent-color);
text-decoration: underline;
}
.uninotes-contents__subject {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: 0.25rem;
padding-left: 0.7rem;
}
.uninotes-contents__subject-link {
font-size: 0.95rem;
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--foreground-color);
text-decoration: none;
letter-spacing: 0.05rem;
}
.uninotes-contents__subject-link:hover {
color: var(--accent-color);
text-decoration: underline;
}
.uninotes-contents__units {
list-style: none;
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display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: 0.03rem;
}
.uninotes-contents__unit {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 0.7rem;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.uninotes-contents__unit-link {
font-size: 0.9rem;
color: var(--foreground-color);
text-decoration: none;
}
.uninotes-contents__unit-link:hover {
color: var(--accent-color);
text-decoration: underline;
}
.uninotes-contents__unit-cats {
display: flex;
gap: 0.25rem;
}
.uninotes-contents__cat {
font-size: 0.65rem;
font-weight: 600;
letter-spacing: 0.04em;
padding: 0.1rem 0.45rem;
border-radius: 999px;
border: 1px solid currentColor;
text-decoration: none;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
.uninotes-contents__cat--self {
color: var(--accent-color);
}
.uninotes-contents__cat--self:hover {
background: var(--accent-color);
color: var(--background-color, #fff);
}
.uninotes-contents__cat--live {
color: var(--accent-color);
}
.uninotes-contents__cat--live:hover {
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color: var(--background-color, #fff);
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.uninotes-contents__cat--na {
color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
opacity: 0.45;
cursor: not-allowed;
}
/* ── Unit Choice Page (Self / Live) ─────────────────────────────────────── */
.unit-choice__subtitle {
@@ -713,16 +830,7 @@
text-decoration: none;
}
.unit-choice__card--live {
border-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
opacity: 0.7;
}
.unit-choice__card--live:hover {
background: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
border-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
color: var(--background-color, #fff);
}
/* .unit-choice__card--live intentionally matches .unit-choice__card — no overrides */
.unit-choice__icon {
display: flex;
@@ -755,10 +863,14 @@
}
.unit-choice__card--unavailable {
border-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
cursor: not-allowed;
opacity: 0.45;
}
.unit-choice__card--unavailable:hover {
background: transparent;
color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
transform: none;
}

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@@ -1,774 +0,0 @@
/*
Styles are mobile-first. Desktop styles are wrapped in media queries.
Naming convention: BEM (Block, Element, Modifier). When it's difficult to add classes, I will use tag names.
*/
*,
*::before,
*::after {
box-sizing: border-box; }
.body {
margin: 0; }
a {
text-decoration: none; }
.menu__list,
.translation-list,
.pagination {
list-style-type: none;
padding-inline-start: 0; }
ul:has(> li > input[type="checkbox"]) {
list-style-type: none;
padding-inline-start: 1em; }
blockquote {
margin: 0; }
.body {
margin-left: 16px;
margin-right: 16px; }
@media (min-width: 800px) {
.body {
width: 768px;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto; } }
:root {
--background-color: #171414;
--background-color1: #fff;
--foreground-color: #e3e1db;
--foreground-color3: #ccc3b3;
--accent-color: #fff; }
@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
:root {
--background-color: #fbf1c7;
--background-color1: #ebdbb2;
--foreground-color: #3c3836;
--foreground-color3: #665c54;
--accent-color: #af3a03; } }
.body {
background-color: var(--background-color);
color: var(--foreground-color); }
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
color: var(--foreground-color); }
a {
color: var(--accent-color); }
.header {
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--background-color1); }
.brand {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 6.9px;
margin-bottom: -18px; }
.brand img {
height: 37px;
padding: 0px; }
.footer {
border-top: 1px solid var(--background-color1); }
blockquote {
background-color: var(--background-color1); }
[dir=rtl] blockquote {
border-right: 0.5rem solid var(--accent-color); }
[dir=ltr] blockquote {
border-left: 0.5rem solid var(--accent-color); }
:not(pre) > code {
background-color: var(--background-color1); }
hr {
background: var(--background-color1); }
table {
background-color: var(--background-color1); }
td,
th {
border: 1px solid var(--background-color); }
figcaption {
color: var(--foreground-color3); }
/* Background */
.bg {
color: #3c3836;
background-color: #fbf1c7; }
/* PreWrapper */
.chroma {
color: #3c3836;
background-color: #fbf1c7; }
/* Other */
/* Error */
/* CodeLine */
/* LineLink */
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outline: none;
text-decoration: none;
color: inherit; }
/* LineTableTD */
.chroma .lntd {
vertical-align: top;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
border: 0; }
/* LineTable */
.chroma .lntable {
border-spacing: 0;
padding: 0;
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View File

@@ -258,4 +258,69 @@ qualities of a coaching manager include:&lt;/p&gt;
delegation by themselves, whilst also making sure that they are maintaining a strict protocol in their
office. They most often focus on adhering to rules and making sure that employees complete tasks
as per the companys standard of quality. Some of the common qualities of an authoritative manager
include:&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>XMPP Account</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;Send your desired username to &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;hyzen@freedoms4.org&lt;/a&gt; via Email (or via XMPP if already have an XMPP account). Account creation can take upto 24 hours.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>
include:&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;
Classical approach comprised the following three approaches:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-scientific-management"&gt;
A) Scientific Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-scientific-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In scientific management, scientific methods are used to study and analyse the problems in factories and businesses. It involves the use of rational methods, understanding issues, and finding relevant &amp;amp; practical solutions. The main contribution in scientific management is of Frederick Winslow Taylor, who is well renowned as The father of scientific management.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-administration-management"&gt;
B) Administration Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-administration-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is mainly related to the performance of managers and has defined various functions of administration. In administration management, the emphasis is laid on evaluating the existing processes, identifying the underlying principles, and developing the management theories. These functions are interlinked and help managers perform effectively. The major contribution towards administration management is from Henry Fayol.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>XMPP Account</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;Send your desired username to &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;hyzen@freedoms4.org&lt;/a&gt; via Email (or via XMPP if already have an XMPP account). Account creation can take upto 24 hours.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

View File

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
<a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
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<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/>Self</a>
<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/>Self</a>
<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/>Unit 3</a>
<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/>Self</a>
<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li></ul></div><div class=uninotes-contents__subject><a class=uninotes-contents__subject-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a><ul class=uninotes-contents__units><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Self</span>
<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/>Live</a></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Self</span>
<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/>Live</a></span></li></ul></div><div class=uninotes-contents__subject><a class=uninotes-contents__subject-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106</a><ul class=uninotes-contents__units><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Self</span>
<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/>Live</a></span></li></ul></div><div class=uninotes-contents__subject><a class=uninotes-contents__subject-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110</a><ul class=uninotes-contents__units><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/>Self</a>
<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/>Live</a></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/>Self</a>
<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/>Unit 3</a>
<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/>Self</a>
<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
<span>BO DCM1109</span></nav><h1>BO DCM1109</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>Unit 2</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
<span>BO DCM1109</span></nav><h1>BO DCM1109</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>Unit 2</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/>Unit 3</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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@@ -54,4 +54,60 @@ D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><lin
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="secondary-sector"&gt;
Secondary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#secondary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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@@ -16,4 +16,5 @@ Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu_
<a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
<span>Self</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span>
<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--self">Self</span></div><h1>Unit 2</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#primary-sector>Primary Sector</a></li><li><a href=#secondary-sector>Secondary Sector</a></li><li><a href=#tertiary-sector>Tertiary Sector</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-12-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=primary-sector>Primary Sector<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#primary-sector>#</a></span></h2><p>The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.</p><h2 class=heading id=secondary-sector>Secondary Sector<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#secondary-sector>#</a></span></h2><p>The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.</p><h2 class=heading id=tertiary-sector>Tertiary Sector<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#tertiary-sector>#</a></span></h2><p>This involves the provision of services to businesses as well as final consumers.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/>← Unit 1</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--self">Self</span></div><h1>Unit 2</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#primary-sector>Primary Sector</a></li><li><a href=#secondary-sector>Secondary Sector</a></li><li><a href=#tertiary-sector>Tertiary Sector</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-12-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=primary-sector>Primary Sector<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#primary-sector>#</a></span></h2><p>The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.</p><h2 class=heading id=secondary-sector>Secondary Sector<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#secondary-sector>#</a></span></h2><p>The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.</p><h2 class=heading id=tertiary-sector>Tertiary Sector<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#tertiary-sector>#</a></span></h2><p>This involves the provision of services to businesses as well as final consumers.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/>← Unit 1</a>
<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/>Unit 3 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
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<span>Unit 3</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span></div><h1>Unit 3</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 3 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 3 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 3 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 15, 2026 # Types of co-operatives formed # A) Consumer co-operatives.
B) Producer co-operatives.
C) Marketing co-operatives.
D) Housing co-operatives.
E) Credit co-operatives.
F) Cooperative Farming Societies.
Types of Companies # A) On the Basis of Incorporation # Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the monarch (no longer applicable in India). Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC). Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost all modern business entities in India. B) On the Basis of Liability # Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)]. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)]. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)]. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares. C) On the Basis of Ownership # Private Company (Section 2(68)). Public Company (Section 2(71)). One Person Company (Section 2(62)). D) On the Basis of Control # Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover (subsidiary of Tata Motors). E) On the Basis of Nationality # Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd. F) On the Basis of Purpose # For-Profit Companies. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation. "><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 3"><meta property="og:description" content="April 15, 2026 # Types of co-operatives formed # A) Consumer co-operatives.
B) Producer co-operatives.
C) Marketing co-operatives.
D) Housing co-operatives.
E) Credit co-operatives.
F) Cooperative Farming Societies.
Types of Companies # A) On the Basis of Incorporation # Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the monarch (no longer applicable in India). Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC). Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost all modern business entities in India. B) On the Basis of Liability # Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)]. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)]. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)]. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares. C) On the Basis of Ownership # Private Company (Section 2(68)). Public Company (Section 2(71)). One Person Company (Section 2(62)). D) On the Basis of Control # Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover (subsidiary of Tata Motors). E) On the Basis of Nationality # Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd. F) On the Basis of Purpose # For-Profit Companies. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 3"><meta itemprop=description content="April 15, 2026 # Types of co-operatives formed # A) Consumer co-operatives.
B) Producer co-operatives.
C) Marketing co-operatives.
D) Housing co-operatives.
E) Credit co-operatives.
F) Cooperative Farming Societies.
Types of Companies # A) On the Basis of Incorporation # Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the monarch (no longer applicable in India). Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC). Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost all modern business entities in India. B) On the Basis of Liability # Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)]. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)]. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)]. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares. C) On the Basis of Ownership # Private Company (Section 2(68)). Public Company (Section 2(71)). One Person Company (Section 2(62)). D) On the Basis of Control # Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover (subsidiary of Tata Motors). E) On the Basis of Nationality # Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd. F) On the Basis of Purpose # For-Profit Companies. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="254"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,BO DCM1109"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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<a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/>Unit 3</a>
<span>Self</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span>
<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--self">Self</span></div><h1>Unit 3</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-15-2026><em><strong>April 15, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#types-of-co-operatives-formed>Types of co-operatives formed</a></li><li><a href=#types-of-companies>Types of Companies</a><ul><li><a href=#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation>A) On the Basis of Incorporation</a></li><li><a href=#b-on-the-basis-of-liability>B) On the Basis of Liability</a></li><li><a href=#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership>C) On the Basis of Ownership</a></li><li><a href=#d-on-the-basis-of-control>D) On the Basis of Control</a></li><li><a href=#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality>E) On the Basis of Nationality</a></li><li><a href=#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose>F) On the Basis of Purpose</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-15-2026><em><strong>April 15, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-15-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=types-of-co-operatives-formed>Types of co-operatives formed<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#types-of-co-operatives-formed>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Consumer co-operatives.<br>B) Producer co-operatives.<br>C) Marketing co-operatives.<br>D) Housing co-operatives.<br>E) Credit co-operatives.<br>F) Cooperative Farming Societies.</p><h2 class=heading id=types-of-companies>Types of Companies<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#types-of-companies>#</a></span></h2><h3 class=heading id=a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation>A) On the Basis of Incorporation<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
monarch (no longer applicable in India).</li><li>Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).</li><li>Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
all modern business entities in India.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-on-the-basis-of-liability>B) On the Basis of Liability<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-on-the-basis-of-liability>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].</li><li>Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].</li><li>Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].</li><li>Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=c-on-the-basis-of-ownership>C) On the Basis of Ownership<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Private Company (Section 2(68)).</li><li>Public Company (Section 2(71)).</li><li>One Person Company (Section 2(62)).</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=d-on-the-basis-of-control>D) On the Basis of Control<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#d-on-the-basis-of-control>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.</li><li>Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
(subsidiary of Tata Motors).</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=e-on-the-basis-of-nationality>E) On the Basis of Nationality<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.</li><li>Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=f-on-the-basis-of-purpose>F) On the Basis of Purpose<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>For-Profit Companies.</li><li>Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.</li></ol><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>← Unit 2</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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@@ -224,4 +224,69 @@ qualities of a coaching manager include:&lt;/p&gt;
delegation by themselves, whilst also making sure that they are maintaining a strict protocol in their
office. They most often focus on adhering to rules and making sure that employees complete tasks
as per the companys standard of quality. Some of the common qualities of an authoritative manager
include:&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>
include:&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;
Classical approach comprised the following three approaches:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-scientific-management"&gt;
A) Scientific Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-scientific-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In scientific management, scientific methods are used to study and analyse the problems in factories and businesses. It involves the use of rational methods, understanding issues, and finding relevant &amp;amp; practical solutions. The main contribution in scientific management is of Frederick Winslow Taylor, who is well renowned as The father of scientific management.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-administration-management"&gt;
B) Administration Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-administration-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is mainly related to the performance of managers and has defined various functions of administration. In administration management, the emphasis is laid on evaluating the existing processes, identifying the underlying principles, and developing the management theories. These functions are interlinked and help managers perform effectively. The major contribution towards administration management is from Henry Fayol.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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<span>PBM DCM1110</span></nav><h1>PBM DCM1110</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/>Unit 2</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>← GE DCM1106</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
<span>PBM DCM1110</span></nav><h1>PBM DCM1110</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/>Unit 2</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/>Unit 3</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>← GE DCM1106</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

View File

@@ -89,4 +89,13 @@ qualities of a coaching manager include:&lt;/p&gt;
delegation by themselves, whilst also making sure that they are maintaining a strict protocol in their
office. They most often focus on adhering to rules and making sure that employees complete tasks
as per the companys standard of quality. Some of the common qualities of an authoritative manager
include:&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>
include:&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;
Classical approach comprised the following three approaches:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-scientific-management"&gt;
A) Scientific Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-scientific-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In scientific management, scientific methods are used to study and analyse the problems in factories and businesses. It involves the use of rational methods, understanding issues, and finding relevant &amp;amp; practical solutions. The main contribution in scientific management is of Frederick Winslow Taylor, who is well renowned as The father of scientific management.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-administration-management"&gt;
B) Administration Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-administration-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is mainly related to the performance of managers and has defined various functions of administration. In administration management, the emphasis is laid on evaluating the existing processes, identifying the underlying principles, and developing the management theories. These functions are interlinked and help managers perform effectively. The major contribution towards administration management is from Henry Fayol.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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@@ -9,6 +9,6 @@
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<a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
<a href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106</a>
<a href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110</a>
<span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>GE DCM1106</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Live class notes</div></a></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Live class notes</div></a></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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@@ -56,4 +56,5 @@ The goal is to maintain stability and prevent disruption in operations.</p></li>
manpower among different departments or projects. Effective allocation ensures that priorities
are met and the organisation runs efficiently.</p></li><li><p>Negotiator: The manager represents the organisation in negotiations with employees, suppliers,
customers, or other external parties. They work to reach agreements that are beneficial for both
the organisation and its stakeholders.</p></li></ol><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/>← Unit 1</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
the organisation and its stakeholders.</p></li></ol><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/>← Unit 1</a>
<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/>Unit 3 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
<a href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110</a>
<span>Unit 3</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span></div><h1>Unit 3</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 3 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 3 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;
Classical approach comprised the following three approaches:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-scientific-management"&gt;
A) Scientific Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-scientific-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In scientific management, scientific methods are used to study and analyse the problems in factories and businesses. It involves the use of rational methods, understanding issues, and finding relevant &amp;amp; practical solutions. The main contribution in scientific management is of Frederick Winslow Taylor, who is well renowned as The father of scientific management.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-administration-management"&gt;
B) Administration Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-administration-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is mainly related to the performance of managers and has defined various functions of administration. In administration management, the emphasis is laid on evaluating the existing processes, identifying the underlying principles, and developing the management theories. These functions are interlinked and help managers perform effectively. The major contribution towards administration management is from Henry Fayol.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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letter-spacing: 0.05rem;
}
.uninotes-contents__subject-link:hover {
color: var(--accent-color);
text-decoration: underline;
}
.uninotes-contents__units {
list-style: none;
padding: 0.6px;
margin: 0.15rem 0 0.3rem 0.75rem;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: 0.03rem;
}
.uninotes-contents__unit {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 0.7rem;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.uninotes-contents__unit-link {
font-size: 0.9rem;
color: var(--foreground-color);
text-decoration: none;
}
.uninotes-contents__unit-link:hover {
color: var(--accent-color);
text-decoration: underline;
}
.uninotes-contents__unit-cats {
display: flex;
gap: 0.25rem;
}
.uninotes-contents__cat {
font-size: 0.65rem;
font-weight: 600;
letter-spacing: 0.04em;
padding: 0.1rem 0.45rem;
border-radius: 999px;
border: 1px solid currentColor;
text-decoration: none;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
.uninotes-contents__cat--self {
color: var(--accent-color);
}
.uninotes-contents__cat--self:hover {
background: var(--accent-color);
color: var(--background-color, #fff);
}
.uninotes-contents__cat--live {
color: var(--accent-color);
}
.uninotes-contents__cat--live:hover {
background: var(--accent-color);
color: var(--background-color, #fff);
}
.uninotes-contents__cat--na {
color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
opacity: 0.45;
cursor: not-allowed;
}
/* ── Unit Choice Page (Self / Live) ─────────────────────────────────────── */
.unit-choice__subtitle {
@@ -713,16 +830,7 @@
text-decoration: none;
}
.unit-choice__card--live {
border-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
opacity: 0.7;
}
.unit-choice__card--live:hover {
background: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
border-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
color: var(--background-color, #fff);
}
/* .unit-choice__card--live intentionally matches .unit-choice__card — no overrides */
.unit-choice__icon {
display: flex;
@@ -755,10 +863,14 @@
}
.unit-choice__card--unavailable {
border-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
cursor: not-allowed;
opacity: 0.45;
}
.unit-choice__card--unavailable:hover {
background: transparent;
color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
transform: none;
}