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+---
+title: "Changelog"
+---
+
+## [2026-04-15]
+
+- Added UniNote PBM DCM1109 Uni3 Self. 
+
+## [2026-04-15]
+
+- Added UniNote BO DCM1109 Uni3 Self. 
+
+## [2026-04-14]
+
+- Changelog page.
+- Removed year from footer copyright.
+- "Contents" style UniNotes page.

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+title = "S6"
+draft = false
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+draft = false
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+draft = false
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+title = "GE DCM1106"
+slug = "s1/ge-dcm1106"
+draft = false
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+title = "PBM DCM1110"
+slug = "s1/pbm-dcm1110"
+draft = false
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content/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/self.md

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 +++
-date = '2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30'
 draft = false
 semester = ['S1']
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+notecategory = 'Self'
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 toc = true
+url = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/'
+uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/'
 +++
 
+### ***April 6, 2026***
+
 ## Features and Nature of Business
 
 A) Economic Activity.  

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+toc = true
+url = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/'
+uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/'
++++
+
+### ***April 12, 2026***
+
+## Primary Sector
+
+The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.
+
+## Secondary Sector
+
+The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.
+
+## Tertiary Sector
+This involves the provision of services to businesses as well as final consumers.

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content/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit3/self.md

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+uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/'
++++
+
+### ***April 15, 2026***
+
+## Types of co-operatives formed
+
+A) Consumer co-operatives.  
+B) Producer co-operatives.  
+C) Marketing co-operatives.  
+D) Housing co-operatives.  
+E) Credit co-operatives.  
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.  
+
+## Types of Companies
+
+### A) On the Basis of Incorporation
+
+1. Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
+monarch (no longer applicable in India).
+2. Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
+Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).
+3. Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
+all modern business entities in India.
+
+### B) On the Basis of Liability
+1. Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].
+2. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].
+3. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].
+4. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.
+
+### C) On the Basis of Ownership
+1. Private Company (Section 2(68)).
+2. Public Company (Section 2(71)).
+3. One Person Company (Section 2(62)).
+
+### D) On the Basis of Control
+1. Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.
+2. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
+(subsidiary of Tata Motors).
+
+### E) On the Basis of Nationality
+1. Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.
+2. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.
+
+### F) On the Basis of Purpose
+1. For-Profit Companies.
+2. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
+purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.

content/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1.md

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-date = '2026-04-05T20:48:44+05:30'
-draft = false
-semester = ['S1']
-subjectcode = ['ET DCM1107']
-unit = 'Unit 1'
-title = 'Unit 1'
-toc = true
-+++
-
-## Course Objectives
-
-A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.  
-B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.

content/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/_index.md

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content/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/live.md

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+draft = false
+semester = ['S1']
+subjectcode = ['ET DCM1107']
+unit = 'Unit 1'
+notecategory = 'Live'
+title = 'Unit 1'
+toc = true
+url = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/'
+uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/'
++++
+
+### ***April 5, 2026***
+
+## Course Objectives
+
+A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.  
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.
+
+## Definition of Economics by various individuals
+
+A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.  
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.  
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.  
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.  
+
+## Nature
+
+### A) Economics as a Science
+
+1. Positive (what is, based on data and logic)
+2. Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)
+
+### B) Economics as an Art
+
+1. Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)
+2. Applied (real world, how to implement)
+
+### A) Described Economics as a Science
+
+1. Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).  
+2. Models to predict economic outcomes.  
+3. Data analysis, observation, hypothesis. 
+4. Real-world evidence.  
+5. Deductive and Inductive reasoning.
+
+* Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.
+
+## Methods
+
+A) Inductive (specific -> general).  
+B) Deductive (general -> specific).
+
+### A) Inductive
+
+1. Real-world observation, identify problem.
+2. Collect data, analyze and find patterns.
+3. Formulate and test generalisations.
+
+### B) Deductive
+
+1. Identify the general problem.
+2. Assumptions, formulate hypothesis.
+3. Verify using data.
+
+

content/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit2/_index.md

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+draft = false
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content/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit2/live.md

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+draft = false
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+title = 'Unit 2'
+toc = true
+url = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/'
+uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/'
++++
+
+### ***April 12, 2026***
+
+## Types of Utility
+
+A) Form Utility  
+B) Place  
+C) Time  
+D) Possession
+
+## Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility
+
+## Law of Equi-Marginal Utility
+
+## Law of Demand
+
+Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.
+
+## Exceptions of Law of Demand
+
+A) Assumption of increase in price.  
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.  
+C) Giffen goods.  
+D) War.  
+E) Economic depression. 
+F) Essential goods.
+
+
+
+

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+toc = true
+url = '/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/'
+uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/'
++++
+
+### ***April 12, 2026***
+
+## Theories on the Origin of Language
+
+### Types of Theories
+
+A) Divine.  
+B) Bow-Bow.  
+C) Pooh-Pooh.  
+D) Ding-Dong.  
+E) Gesture.  
+F) Yo-He-Ho.  
+G) Musical.  
+H) Tool-Making.  
+I) Evolutionary.  
+J) Symbolic.  
+K) Contemporary Perspective.
+

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+draft = false
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+draft = false
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+unit = 'Unit 1'
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+title = 'Unit 1'
+toc = true
+url = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/'
+uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/'
++++
+
+### ***April 12, 2026***
+
+## Introduction
+
+Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling.
+
+

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 +++
-date = '2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30'
 draft = false
 semester = ['S1']
 subjectcode = ['PBM DCM1110']
 unit = 'Unit 1'
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 toc = true
+url = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/'
+uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/'
 +++
 
+### ***April 5, 2026***
+
 ## Characteristics of Management
 
 A) Goal Oriented.  

content/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit2/_index.md

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+url = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/'
+uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/'
++++
+
+### ***April 12, 2026***
+
+## Behaviors of Managers
+
+### A) Coaching managers
+Coaching managers usually take on a teacher-like role, and they have an excellent understanding of
+the different stages of professional development. They love to motivate their employees to improve.
+They do this by helping them build strong personal relationships. Some of the most common
+qualities of a coaching manager include:
+
+* Educating every employee of the organisation.
+* Looking after the long-term professional development of their employees.
+* Bringing the team together whilst also evaluating each individual's progress.
+
+### B) Authoritative managers
+Authoritative managers make sure that they are handling most of the decision-making and task
+delegation by themselves, whilst also making sure that they are maintaining a strict protocol in their
+office. They most often focus on adhering to rules and making sure that employees complete tasks
+as per the company’s standard of quality. Some of the common qualities of an authoritative manager
+include:
+
+* Giving importance to rules and operation standards.
+* Motivating their employees to give their best and also holding employees accountable.
+* Taking disciplinary actions when necessary.
+
+### C) Results-based managers
+Results-based managers mainly concentrate on whether or not employees meet their goals. They
+are more concerned with the completion of work by the employees rather than how they do it. This
+gives employees some power to make decisions and come up with their own methods for success.
+Some of the common qualities of a results-based manager include:
+
+* Being lenient in terms of rules and protocols.
+* Finding out ways to ensure that their employees work most effectively.
+* Focusing only on completion of work, not on how it gets accomplished.
+
+### D) Strategic managers
+Strategic managers build their management style around the end result that they want to achieve.
+They delegate authority to lower-level supervisors so they can focus on developing the ultimate
+long-term strategy for success. Some of the most common qualities of a strategic manager include:
+
+* Delegating responsibility to lower-level supervisors but not otherwise strongly involved
+in day-to-day tasks.
+* Focusing on the overall goal of their projects rather than minor details.
+* Working independently to create plans for their employees that they can undertake on their
+own.
+
+### E) Proactive managers
+Proactive managers are always offering help and advice. They also remain positive even in times of
+crisis. They typically focus on what actions they can take to overcome or solve any challenges that
+might arise. With a hands-on approach, they try to meet those challenges. Some of the most common
+qualities of a proactive manager include:
+
+* Being enthusiastic about meeting goals through collaboration with employees.
+* Showing confidence in the abilities of their employees.
+* Being supportive of employees and always ready to help them.
+
+### F) Laissez-faire managers
+Laissez-faire managers make sure that they meet their goals, but they typically do not offer much
+help or supervision during work operations. They delegate most of the day-to-day and long-term
+responsibilities to their employees. If you prefer to work autonomously, you might work well under
+a laissez-faire manager. Some of the common qualities of a laissez-faire manager include:
+
+* Remaining hands-off with daily performance.
+* Delegating responsibility to employees and stepping back.
+* Giving employees autonomy to make decisions and complete tasks on their own.
+
+### G) Democratic managers
+Democratic managers listen to input given by employees and welcome the employees to be a part
+of the decision-making process. They try to make every member of a team crucial to a project's
+completion. An office led by a democratic manager focuses on teamwork. Some of the common
+qualities of a democratic manager include:
+
+* Open to suggestions and criticism.
+* Understanding of employees' points of view.
+* Emphasising collaboration among employees and the team as a whole.
+
+### H) Visionary managers
+Visionary managers rely on strategies to make a plan for their team, and then they ultimately allow
+their employees to work autonomously. However, they also check in with employees regularly to
+ensure that productivity is in line with their vision and goals. Some of the common qualities of a
+visionary manager include:
+
+* Staying fair but also being serious about achieving desired results.
+* Offering quality feedback to the employees.
+* Trusting employees as long as they adhere to the well-planned strategy.
+
+### I) Transformational managers
+Transformational managers are enthusiastic about the growth of their employees. They also learn
+how to adapt to changes in their industry. They motivate employees to go beyond their comfort
+zones and constantly improve. Some of the common qualities of a transformational manager include:
+
+* Being creative in terms of approaches to new tasks and methods of operation.
+* Motivating and challenging employees to adapt to changes.
+* Being heavily involved in work processes.
+* Supporting employees.
+
+### J) Charismatic managers
+Charismatic managers give priority to building strong personal relationships with their employees.
+They also try to cater to their employees' needs whenever they can. This can motivate employees to
+strive to work effectively and efficiently in order to gratify their manager. Some of the common
+qualities of a charismatic manager include:
+
+* Being friendly and charming when working with employees and supervisors.
+* Showing kindness to employees instead of being authoritative.
+* Providing constant support and help when necessary.
+
+## Characteristics of Managers
+
+A) They are responsible for the performance of tasks.  
+B) They maintain balance between goals and define priorities.  
+C) They think rationally and conceptually.  
+D) They act as mediators.  
+E) They make complicated decisions.
+
+## Managerial Skills
+
+### A) Conceptual Skills
+
+* Solving business problems by analysing information.
+* Identifying new opportunities and areas for innovation.
+* Recognising problem areas and developing solutions.
+* Selecting key information from large amounts of data.
+* Understanding how technology supports business operations.
+* Having a clear understanding of the organisation’s business model and goals.
+
+### B) Human Skills
+
+* Interviewing and selecting employees.
+* Motivating and guiding team members.
+* Resolving conflicts and maintaining harmony.
+* Building partnerships and encouraging teamwork.
+
+### C) Technical Skills
+
+* Using computer software or operating machinery.
+* Designing a brochure or preparing a financial report.
+* Training employees to use a new budgeting system.
+
+## Roles of a Manager
+
+### A) Interpersonal Roles
+
+1. Figurehead- attending meetings, signing legal documents, welcoming visitors, or
+inaugurating company events. 
+2. Leader.  
+3. Liaison.
+
+### B) Informational Roles
+
+1. Monitor - gathers information.  
+2. Disseminator - shares information.  
+3. Spokesperson - represents.
+
+### C) Decisional Roles
+
+1. Entrepreneur: The manager identifies opportunities for improvement and innovation. They take
+the initiative to start new projects, introduce new products, or adopt better methods to improve
+efficiency and competitiveness.
+
+2. Disturbance Handler: In this role, the manager deals with unexpected problems or conflicts.
+This may include resolving employee disputes, handling crises, or managing supply shortages.
+The goal is to maintain stability and prevent disruption in operations.
+
+3. Resource Allocator: The manager decides how to distribute resources like money, time, and
+manpower among different departments or projects. Effective allocation ensures that priorities
+are met and the organisation runs efficiently.
+
+4. Negotiator: The manager represents the organisation in negotiations with employees, suppliers,
+customers, or other external parties. They work to reach agreements that are beneficial for both
+the organisation and its stakeholders.

content/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit3/_index.md

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+draft = false
+title = 'Unit 3'
+unit = 'Unit 3'
+layout = 'unit-choice'
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content/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit3/self.md

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+draft = false
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+unit = 'Unit 3'
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+url = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/'
+uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/'
++++
+
+### ***April 15, 2026***
+
+## Classical approach comprised the following three approaches:
+
+### A) Scientific Management
+In scientific management, scientific methods are used to study and analyse the problems in factories and businesses. It involves the use of rational methods, understanding issues, and finding relevant & practical solutions. The main contribution in scientific management is of Frederick Winslow Taylor, who is well renowned as ‘The father of scientific management’.
+
+### B) Administration Management
+It is mainly related to the performance of managers and has defined various functions of administration. In administration management, the emphasis is laid on evaluating the existing processes, identifying the underlying principles, and developing the management theories. These functions are interlinked and help managers perform effectively. The major contribution towards administration management is from Henry Fayol.
+
+### C) Bureaucratic Management
+This approach was founded by Max Weber, who believed bureaucracy is the best for the optimum utilisation of resources in an organisation. Such an approach is generally followed in government and military organisations. Bureaucratic management has a well-defined hierarchy, lines of authority, and procedures. Various rules and procedures are formed in bureaucracy to guide the functioning of an organisation.
+
+## Mechanisms of Scientific Management
+
+A) Separation of Planning and Doing.  
+B) Functional Foremanship - Training Department/Functional Department.  
+C) Job Analysis.  
+D) Standardisation.  
+E) Scientific Selection and Training of Workers.  
+F) Financial Incentives.  
+G) Economy.  
+H) Mental Revolution.
+
+## Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management
+
+1. Division of work.
+2. Authority and responsibility.
+3. Discipline.
+4. Unity of command.
+5. Unity of direction.
+6. Subordination of individual to general interest.
+7. Remuneration.
+8. Centralisation and decentralisation.
+9. Scalar chain.
+10. Order.
+11. Equity.
+12. Stability of tenure.
+13. Initiative.
+14. Esprit de Corps.
+
+## 3 types of Authority in an organisation according to Max Weber
+
+1. Traditional Authority.
+2. Charismatic Authority.
+3. Legal-Rational Authority.
+
+## Features of Legal-Rational Bureaucracy
+
+A) Official and Regular Business Operations.  
+B) Well-Defined Rules and Procedures.  
+C) Clearly Defined Authority and Supervision.  
+D) Separation of Personal and Official Affairs.  
+E) Written Documentation.  
+F) Division of Labour and Specialisation.  
+G) Hierarchical Structure of Authority.  
+H) System of Abstract and Formal Rules. 

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+Ratio of components in Education: # 50% Knowledge/Understanding, 30% …</p><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/blog/what-is-education/index.html

@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ Academics system has evolved with time and got worst. Let’s see what the syste
 <a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
 <a href=/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
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-Academics is good only as a concept. It&rsquo;s implementation and system is always the worst and corrupted.</p><h3 class=heading id=activities-in-education>Activities in Education:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#activities-in-education>#</a></span></h3><ul><li><p>Knowledge: Reading, listening, watching, feeling, thinking etc.</p></li><li><p>Understanding: Studying (literary, critical thinking, investigating), researching.</p></li><li><p>Skill: Practicing.</p></li><li><p>Experience: Time spending.</p></li></ul><h3 class=heading id=read-vs-study-vs-research>Read vs Study vs Research:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#read-vs-study-vs-research>#</a></span></h3><ol><li><p>Read: Reading is about watching or interpreting something/someone to gain knowledge.</p></li><li><p>Study: Studying is about interpreting a topic, going deeper and gaining some conscious understanding out of it.</p></li><li><p>Research: Research is about studying a topic and then contributing to it with changes from your end.</p></li></ol><ul><li><p>Reading relates with knowledge.</p></li><li><p>Studying relates with understanding.</p></li><li><p>Research relates with understanding and contributing.</p></li></ul><h3 class=heading id=knowledge-vs-entertainment>Knowledge vs Entertainment:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#knowledge-vs-entertainment>#</a></span></h3><ul><li>Activities that are done for Knowledge/Understanding (reading, watching, listening, studying etc.) can also be done for Entertainment and vice versa.</li></ul><p>Example:</p><ol><li>The first book was to provide Knowledge/Understanding, but later books became a source of Entertainment (fiction).</li><li>Videos can be used for both Knowledge/Understanding and Entertainment purposes. For example, for Knowledge/Understanding, there are documentaries, tutorial videos etc. For Entertainment, there are movies, funny videos etc.</li></ol><ul><li>All these are taken from my notes, all of which I like to write and think about deeply.</li></ul><div><div>Tags:</div><ul><li><a href=/tags/education/>Education</a></li><li><a href=/tags/academics/>Academics</a></li><li><a href=/tags/system/>System</a></li></ul></div><div><div>Categories:</div><ul><li><a href=/categories/philosophy/>Philosophy</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Academics is good only as a concept. It&rsquo;s implementation and system is always the worst and corrupted.</p><h3 class=heading id=activities-in-education>Activities in Education:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#activities-in-education>#</a></span></h3><ul><li><p>Knowledge: Reading, listening, watching, feeling, thinking etc.</p></li><li><p>Understanding: Studying (literary, critical thinking, investigating), researching.</p></li><li><p>Skill: Practicing.</p></li><li><p>Experience: Time spending.</p></li></ul><h3 class=heading id=read-vs-study-vs-research>Read vs Study vs Research:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#read-vs-study-vs-research>#</a></span></h3><ol><li><p>Read: Reading is about watching or interpreting something/someone to gain knowledge.</p></li><li><p>Study: Studying is about interpreting a topic, going deeper and gaining some conscious understanding out of it.</p></li><li><p>Research: Research is about studying a topic and then contributing to it with changes from your end.</p></li></ol><ul><li><p>Reading relates with knowledge.</p></li><li><p>Studying relates with understanding.</p></li><li><p>Research relates with understanding and contributing.</p></li></ul><h3 class=heading id=knowledge-vs-entertainment>Knowledge vs Entertainment:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#knowledge-vs-entertainment>#</a></span></h3><ul><li>Activities that are done for Knowledge/Understanding (reading, watching, listening, studying etc.) can also be done for Entertainment and vice versa.</li></ul><p>Example:</p><ol><li>The first book was to provide Knowledge/Understanding, but later books became a source of Entertainment (fiction).</li><li>Videos can be used for both Knowledge/Understanding and Entertainment purposes. For example, for Knowledge/Understanding, there are documentaries, tutorial videos etc. For Entertainment, there are movies, funny videos etc.</li></ol><ul><li>All these are taken from my notes, all of which I like to write and think about deeply.</li></ul><div><div>Tags:</div><ul><li><a href=/tags/education/>Education</a></li><li><a href=/tags/academics/>Academics</a></li><li><a href=/tags/system/>System</a></li></ul></div><div><div>Categories:</div><ul><li><a href=/categories/philosophy/>Philosophy</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/categories/index.html

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-› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/categories/philosophy/>Philosophy (1)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/categories/philosophy/>Philosophy (1)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/categories/philosophy/index.html

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@
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 › <span>Philosophy</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> |
-<a href=/categories/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>Categories</a></h1><h2>Philosophy</h2><div style=margin-bottom:2rem></div><section class=posts-list><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h2 class=term-post-title><a href=/blog/what-is-education/>What is Education?</a></h2></section><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+<a href=/categories/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>Categories</a></h1><h2>Philosophy</h2><div style=margin-bottom:2rem></div><section class=posts-list><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h2 class=term-post-title><a href=/blog/what-is-education/>What is Education?</a></h2></section><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/changelog/index.html

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docs/changelog/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Changelog on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/changelog/</link><description>Recent content in Changelog on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/changelog/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/></channel></rss>

docs/coming-soon/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@
 <label class=brand__mobile-toggle for=mobile-menu-check aria-label=Menu><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></label><div class=brand__mobile-links><a href=/login/ class=mobile-link>Login</a>
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-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1>Coming Soon</h1><p>This feature is not yet available. Check back later!</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1>Coming Soon</h1><p>This feature is not yet available. Check back later!</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/contact/index.html

@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ Lemmy: hyzen@lemmy.today"><meta itemprop=wordCount content="18"><link rel=styles
 <label class=brand__mobile-toggle for=mobile-menu-check aria-label=Menu><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></label><div class=brand__mobile-links><a href=/login/ class=mobile-link>Login</a>
 <a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
 <a href=/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><p><strong>Admin:</strong> hyzen</p><h2 class=heading id=contacts>Contacts<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#contacts>#</a></span></h2><p><strong><a href=mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org>Email</a> and <a href=xmpp:hyzen@freedoms4.org>XMPP</a>:</strong> <a href=mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org>hyzen@freedoms4.org</a></p><p><strong>IRC/Liberachat:</strong> hyzen, #freedoms4</p><h2 class=heading id=follow-on>Follow on<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#follow-on>#</a></span></h2><p><strong><a href=https://mastodon.social/@hyzen>Mastodon</a>:</strong> <a href=mailto:hyzen@mastodon.social>hyzen@mastodon.social</a></p><p><strong>Lemmy:</strong> <a href=mailto:hyzen@lemmy.today>hyzen@lemmy.today</a></p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><p><strong>Admin:</strong> hyzen</p><h2 class=heading id=contacts>Contacts<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#contacts>#</a></span></h2><p><strong><a href=mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org>Email</a> and <a href=xmpp:hyzen@freedoms4.org>XMPP</a>:</strong> <a href=mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org>hyzen@freedoms4.org</a></p><p><strong>IRC/Liberachat:</strong> hyzen, #freedoms4</p><h2 class=heading id=follow-on>Follow on<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#follow-on>#</a></span></h2><p><strong><a href=https://mastodon.social/@hyzen>Mastodon</a>:</strong> <a href=mailto:hyzen@mastodon.social>hyzen@mastodon.social</a></p><p><strong>Lemmy:</strong> <a href=mailto:hyzen@lemmy.today>hyzen@lemmy.today</a></p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/css/custom.css

@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+/* ── TOC: gap between TOC and first content line ────────────────────────── */
+.toc {
+  margin-bottom: 1.73rem;
+}
+
+/* ── TOC: hide phantom empty bullet when post starts with ### (h3) ──────── */
+/* Hugo wraps orphaned h3s in a li>ul, leaving an empty li with no direct
+   anchor. This hides it without affecting any meaningful TOC entry.         */
+#TableOfContents > ul > li:first-child:not(:has(> a)) {
+  list-style: none;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+}
+
 /* ── UniNotes ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
 
 .uninotes-breadcrumbs {
@@ -645,3 +659,218 @@
 		display: none !important;
 	}
 }
+
+/* ── UniNotes Contents Panel ─────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+.uninotes-contents {
+  margin: 1.25rem 0 2rem 0;
+  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-color);
+  padding-left: 1rem;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 1.5rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__semester {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.3rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__sem-link {
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  color: var(--foreground-color);
+  text-decoration: none;
+  font-size: 2rem;
+  font-weight: 620;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__sem-link:hover {
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__subject {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+  padding-left: 0.7rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__subject-link {
+  font-size: 0.95rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--foreground-color);
+  text-decoration: none;
+  letter-spacing: 0.05rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__subject-link:hover {
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__units {
+  list-style: none;
+  padding: 0.6px;
+  margin: 0.15rem 0 0.3rem 0.75rem;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 0.03rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__unit {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.7rem;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__unit-link {
+  font-size: 0.9rem;
+  color: var(--foreground-color);
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__unit-link:hover {
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__unit-cats {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 0.25rem;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__cat {
+  font-size: 0.65rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+  padding: 0.1rem 0.45rem;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  border: 1px solid currentColor;
+  text-decoration: none;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__cat--self {
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__cat--self:hover {
+  background: var(--accent-color);
+  color: var(--background-color, #fff);
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__cat--live {
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__cat--live:hover {
+  background: var(--accent-color);
+  color: var(--background-color, #fff);
+}
+
+.uninotes-contents__cat--na {
+  color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
+  opacity: 0.45;
+  cursor: not-allowed;
+}
+
+/* ── Unit Choice Page (Self / Live) ─────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+.unit-choice__subtitle {
+  color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
+  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
+  font-size: 0.95rem;
+}
+
+.unit-choice__options {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 1.2rem;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  margin-top: 1rem;
+  margin-bottom: 2rem;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 600px) {
+  .unit-choice__options {
+    flex-direction: column;
+    align-items: center;
+  }
+  .unit-choice__card {
+    width: 100%;
+    max-width: 260px;
+    flex: none;
+  }
+}
+
+.unit-choice__card {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 180px;
+  max-width: 260px;
+  border: 2px solid var(--accent-color);
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  padding: 1.75rem 1.5rem;
+  text-decoration: none;
+  color: var(--foreground-color);
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 0.6rem;
+  transition: background 0.18s ease, color 0.18s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
+  text-align: center;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.unit-choice__card:hover {
+  background: var(--accent-color);
+  color: var(--background-color, #fff);
+  transform: translateY(-2px);
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/* .unit-choice__card--live intentionally matches .unit-choice__card — no overrides */
+
+.unit-choice__icon {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
+}
+
+.unit-choice__label {
+  font-size: 1.25rem;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
+}
+
+.unit-choice__desc {
+  font-size: 0.8rem;
+  opacity: 0.72;
+  line-height: 1.45;
+}
+
+/* notecategory pill colour */
+.uninotes-meta__pill--self {
+  border-color: var(--accent-color);
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+}
+
+.uninotes-meta__pill--live {
+  border-color: var(--accent-color);
+  color: var(--accent-color);
+}
+
+.unit-choice__card--unavailable {
+  border-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
+  color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
+  cursor: not-allowed;
+  opacity: 0.45;
+}
+
+.unit-choice__card--unavailable:hover {
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
+  transform: none;
+}

docs/css/style.css

@@ -1,774 +0,0 @@
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-  margin-right: 16px; }
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-    margin-right: auto; } }
-
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-  --background-color: #171414;
-  --background-color1: #fff;
-  --foreground-color: #e3e1db;
-  --foreground-color3: #ccc3b3;
-  --accent-color: #fff; }
-
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
-  :root {
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-    --background-color1: #ebdbb2;
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docs/index.html

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.160.1"><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Home"><meta property="og:description" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Home"><meta itemprop=description content="Freedoms4"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=wordCount content="197"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.160.1"><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Home"><meta property="og:description" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Home"><meta itemprop=description content="Freedoms4"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00"><meta itemprop=wordCount content="197"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@
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-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1 class=heading id=namaste->Namaste 🙏<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#namaste->#</a></span></h1><p style=text-indent:1.185em>My name is <b>hyzen</b>, I'm the founder of this site. This site is my space to write about my views on various subjects and explore ideas that matter to me. I also provide free <a href=/services/>services</a> to the public that may matter to them.</p><h3 class=heading id=on-the-blog-im-writing-about>On the <a href=/blog/>blog</a> I&rsquo;m writing about:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#on-the-blog-im-writing-about>#</a></span></h3><ul><li><strong>Tech</strong> - Free and Open-Source Software, digital freedom.</li><li><strong>Philosophy</strong> - Reflections on ideas, ethics, meaning, and ways of thinking.</li><li><strong>Communism</strong> - I believe in Marxism. I am committed to the principle of providing internet services in a <b>socialist way</b>. This means creating tools and spaces that prioritize community benefit over profit, and believing in the collective good.</li><li><strong>Politics as a whole</strong> - Commentary on political systems, economics, and social issues.</li></ul><p style=text-indent:1.185em>Beyond theoretical discussions, I may also write about my day-to-day experiences, thoughts, and feelings - the personal reflections that shape my worldview and understanding of the world around me.</p><h3 class=heading id=motive>Motive:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#motive>#</a></span></h3><p style=text-indent:1.185em>My goal is for everyone who visits this site to leave with something valuable.</p><h3 class=heading id=sites-code>Site&rsquo;s Code:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#sites-code>#</a></span></h3><p style=text-indent:1.185em>This site is also built with open source tools like Hugo and served freely. If you're interested in the code , you can find it <a href=https://git.freedoms4.org/hyzen/hyzendust.github.io target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">here↗.</a></p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1 class=heading id=namaste->Namaste 🙏<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#namaste->#</a></span></h1><p style=text-indent:1.185em>My name is <b>hyzen</b>, I'm the founder of this site. This site is my space to write about my views on various subjects and explore ideas that matter to me. I also provide free <a href=/services/>services</a> to the public that may matter to them.</p><h3 class=heading id=on-the-blog-im-writing-about>On the <a href=/blog/>blog</a> I&rsquo;m writing about:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#on-the-blog-im-writing-about>#</a></span></h3><ul><li><strong>Tech</strong> - Free and Open-Source Software, digital freedom.</li><li><strong>Philosophy</strong> - Reflections on ideas, ethics, meaning, and ways of thinking.</li><li><strong>Communism</strong> - I believe in Marxism. I am committed to the principle of providing internet services in a <b>socialist way</b>. This means creating tools and spaces that prioritize community benefit over profit, and believing in the collective good.</li><li><strong>Politics as a whole</strong> - Commentary on political systems, economics, and social issues.</li></ul><p style=text-indent:1.185em>Beyond theoretical discussions, I may also write about my day-to-day experiences, thoughts, and feelings - the personal reflections that shape my worldview and understanding of the world around me.</p><h3 class=heading id=motive>Motive:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#motive>#</a></span></h3><p style=text-indent:1.185em>My goal is for everyone who visits this site to leave with something valuable.</p><h3 class=heading id=sites-code>Site&rsquo;s Code:<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#sites-code>#</a></span></h3><p style=text-indent:1.185em>This site is also built with open source tools like Hugo and served freely. If you're interested in the code , you can find it <a href=https://git.freedoms4.org/hyzen/hyzendust.github.io target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">here↗.</a></p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/index.xml

@@ -1,4 +1,40 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/</link><description>Recent updates on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/</link><description>Recent updates on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2026 18:11:14 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>What is Education?</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/blog/what-is-education/</link><pubDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2026 18:11:14 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/blog/what-is-education/</guid><description>&lt;h1 class="heading" id="what-is-education"&gt;
+ What is Education?&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#what-is-education"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p&gt;Education simply means &amp;ldquo;learning&amp;rdquo;. It&amp;rsquo;s a natural process.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="ratio-of-components-in-education"&gt;
+ Ratio of components in Education:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#ratio-of-components-in-education"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;50% Knowledge/Understanding, 30% Skills, 20% Experience.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="education-vs-academics"&gt;
+ Education vs Academics:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#education-vs-academics"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Education and Academics are not the same thing. Academics is Education based of a curriculum and an institution. Plato discovered the word while describing his school of philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h4 class="heading" id="academics-system-has-evolved-with-time-and-got-worst-lets-see-what-the-system-has-become-nowadays"&gt;
+ Academics system has evolved with time and got worst. Let&amp;rsquo;s see what the system has become nowadays:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#academics-system-has-evolved-with-time-and-got-worst-lets-see-what-the-system-has-become-nowadays"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Wrong ratio of knowledge, skill, experience (knowledge takes about 90%).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Generalised curriculum for all students.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h4 class="heading" id="extra-bad"&gt;
+ Extra bad:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#extra-bad"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Goals are only bound to exams/grades, degree or certifications (year 1088), then getting jobs.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Unhealthy pressure and competition for students.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Money game.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Politics.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Education as a concept/implementation/system is good.
+Academics is good only as a concept. It&amp;rsquo;s implementation and system is always the worst and corrupted.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Coming Soon</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/coming-soon/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/coming-soon/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;This feature is not yet available. Check back later!&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Coming soon!</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/login/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/login/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;The feature is not available yet.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Coming soon!</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/signup/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/signup/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;The feature is not available yet.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Contact</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/contact/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/contact/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Admin:&lt;/strong&gt; hyzen&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="contacts"&gt;
+ Contacts&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#contacts"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;Email&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="xmpp:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;XMPP&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;hyzen@freedoms4.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;IRC/Liberachat:&lt;/strong&gt; hyzen, #freedoms4&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="follow-on"&gt;
+ Follow on&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#follow-on"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://mastodon.social/@hyzen"&gt;Mastodon&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@mastodon.social"&gt;hyzen@mastodon.social&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lemmy:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@lemmy.today"&gt;hyzen@lemmy.today&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>File share</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/services/file-share/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/services/file-share/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;Visit &lt;a href="https://share.freedoms4.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
+share.freedoms4.org↗
+&lt;/a&gt; to quickly upload files and get sharable links.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
  Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
 B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
@@ -45,34 +81,70 @@ E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
 B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
 C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
+D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
  Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>What is Education?</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/blog/what-is-education/</link><pubDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2026 18:11:14 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/blog/what-is-education/</guid><description>&lt;h1 class="heading" id="what-is-education"&gt;
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;
- What is Education?&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#what-is-education"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;
-&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p&gt;Education simply means &amp;ldquo;learning&amp;rdquo;. It&amp;rsquo;s a natural process.&lt;/p&gt;
+ Definition of Economics by various individuals&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="ratio-of-components-in-education"&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.&lt;br&gt;
- Ratio of components in Education:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#ratio-of-components-in-education"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.&lt;br&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;50% Knowledge/Understanding, 30% Skills, 20% Experience.&lt;/p&gt;
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.&lt;br&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="education-vs-academics"&gt;
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.&lt;/p&gt;
- Education vs Academics:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#education-vs-academics"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="nature"&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Education and Academics are not the same thing. Academics is Education based of a curriculum and an institution. Plato discovered the word while describing his school of philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;
+ Nature&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#nature"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;h4 class="heading" id="academics-system-has-evolved-with-time-and-got-worst-lets-see-what-the-system-has-become-nowadays"&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
- Academics system has evolved with time and got worst. Let&amp;rsquo;s see what the system has become nowadays:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#academics-system-has-evolved-with-time-and-got-worst-lets-see-what-the-system-has-become-nowadays"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+ A) Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Wrong ratio of knowledge, skill, experience (knowledge takes about 90%).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Positive (what is, based on data and logic)&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Generalised curriculum for all students.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;
+ B) Economics as an Art&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Applied (real world, how to implement)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Described Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Models to predict economic outcomes.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Real-world evidence.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Deductive and Inductive reasoning.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
-&lt;h4 class="heading" id="extra-bad"&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="methods"&gt;
- Extra bad:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#extra-bad"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+ Methods&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#methods"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Inductive (specific -&amp;gt; general).&lt;br&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Goals are only bound to exams/grades, degree or certifications (year 1088), then getting jobs.&lt;/li&gt;
+B) Deductive (general -&amp;gt; specific).&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Unhealthy pressure and competition for students.&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Money game.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="theories-on-the-origin-of-language"&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Politics.&lt;/li&gt;
+ Theories on the Origin of Language&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#theories-on-the-origin-of-language"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="types-of-theories"&gt;
-&lt;p&gt;Education as a concept/implementation/system is good.
+ Types of Theories&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-theories"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-Academics is good only as a concept. It&amp;rsquo;s implementation and system is always the worst and corrupted.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Divine.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Bow-Bow.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Pooh-Pooh.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Ding-Dong.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Gesture.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Yo-He-Ho.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Musical.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Tool-Making.&lt;br&gt;
+I) Evolutionary.&lt;br&gt;
+J) Symbolic.&lt;br&gt;
+K) Contemporary Perspective.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="introduction"&gt;
+ Introduction&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#introduction"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
  Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
 B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
@@ -136,14 +208,119 @@ E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
 B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
 C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Coming Soon</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/coming-soon/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/coming-soon/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;This feature is not yet available. Check back later!&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Coming soon!</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/login/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/login/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;The feature is not available yet.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Coming soon!</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/signup/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/signup/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;The feature is not available yet.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Contact</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/contact/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/contact/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Admin:&lt;/strong&gt; hyzen&lt;/p&gt;
+D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
-&lt;h2 class="heading" id="contacts"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
- Contacts&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#contacts"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="primary-sector"&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;Email&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="xmpp:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;XMPP&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;hyzen@freedoms4.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ Primary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#primary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;IRC/Liberachat:&lt;/strong&gt; hyzen, #freedoms4&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
-&lt;h2 class="heading" id="follow-on"&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="secondary-sector"&gt;
- Follow on&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#follow-on"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+ Secondary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#secondary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://mastodon.social/@hyzen"&gt;Mastodon&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@mastodon.social"&gt;hyzen@mastodon.social&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
-&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lemmy:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@lemmy.today"&gt;hyzen@lemmy.today&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>File share</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/services/file-share/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/services/file-share/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;Visit &lt;a href="https://share.freedoms4.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-share.freedoms4.org↗
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-utility"&gt;
-&lt;/a&gt; to quickly upload files and get sharable links.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>XMPP Account</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;Send your desired username to &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;hyzen@freedoms4.org&lt;/a&gt; via Email (or via XMPP if already have an XMPP account). Account creation can take upto 24 hours.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>
+ Types of Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Form Utility&lt;br&gt;
+B) Place&lt;br&gt;
+C) Time&lt;br&gt;
+D) Possession&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Equi-Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Exceptions of Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Assumption of increase in price.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Giffen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+D) War.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Economic depression.
+F) Essential goods.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="behaviors-of-managers"&gt;
+ Behaviors of Managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#behaviors-of-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-coaching-managers"&gt;
+ A) Coaching managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-coaching-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coaching managers usually take on a teacher-like role, and they have an excellent understanding of
+the different stages of professional development. They love to motivate their employees to improve.
+They do this by helping them build strong personal relationships. Some of the most common
+qualities of a coaching manager include:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Educating every employee of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Looking after the long-term professional development of their employees.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Bringing the team together whilst also evaluating each individual&amp;rsquo;s progress.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-authoritative-managers"&gt;
+ B) Authoritative managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-authoritative-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Authoritative managers make sure that they are handling most of the decision-making and task
+delegation by themselves, whilst also making sure that they are maintaining a strict protocol in their
+office. They most often focus on adhering to rules and making sure that employees complete tasks
+as per the company’s standard of quality. Some of the common qualities of an authoritative manager
+include:&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
+ Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
+ Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
+ A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
+monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
+Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
+all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
+ B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
+ C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
+ D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
+(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
+ E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
+ F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
+purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;
+ Classical approach comprised the following three approaches:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-scientific-management"&gt;
+ A) Scientific Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-scientific-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In scientific management, scientific methods are used to study and analyse the problems in factories and businesses. It involves the use of rational methods, understanding issues, and finding relevant &amp;amp; practical solutions. The main contribution in scientific management is of Frederick Winslow Taylor, who is well renowned as ‘The father of scientific management’.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-administration-management"&gt;
+ B) Administration Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-administration-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is mainly related to the performance of managers and has defined various functions of administration. In administration management, the emphasis is laid on evaluating the existing processes, identifying the underlying principles, and developing the management theories. These functions are interlinked and help managers perform effectively. The major contribution towards administration management is from Henry Fayol.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>XMPP Account</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;Send your desired username to &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;hyzen@freedoms4.org&lt;/a&gt; via Email (or via XMPP if already have an XMPP account). Account creation can take upto 24 hours.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/login/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@
 <label class=brand__mobile-toggle for=mobile-menu-check aria-label=Menu><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></label><div class=brand__mobile-links><a href=/login/ class=mobile-link>Login</a>
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-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1>Coming soon!</h1><p>The feature is not available yet.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1>Coming soon!</h1><p>The feature is not available yet.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/semester/index.html

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Semester | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/semester/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Semester"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Semester"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/semester/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Semester | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/semester/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Semester"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Semester"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/semester/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
 <a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
 <a href=/semester/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
 Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/blog/>Blog</a>
-› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/semester/s1/>S1 (3)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/>S1 (10)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/semester/index.xml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Semester on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/semester/</link><description>Recent content in Semester on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/semester/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>S1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/</guid><description/></item></channel></rss>
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Semester on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/semester/</link><description>Recent content in Semester on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/semester/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>S1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/</guid><description/></item><item><title>S2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s2/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s2/</guid><description/></item><item><title>S3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s3/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s3/</guid><description/></item><item><title>S4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s4/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s4/</guid><description/></item><item><title>S5</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s5/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s5/</guid><description/></item><item><title>S6</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s6/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s6/</guid><description/></item></channel></rss>

docs/semester/s1/index.xml

@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>S1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/</link><description>Recent content in S1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
- Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
-C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
-E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
-F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
-G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
-H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
-&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
- Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
-C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
-E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
-&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
- Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
- A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
- B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
- C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
- Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
-C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
- Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
- Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
-C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
-         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
-         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
-E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
-F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
-G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
-&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
- Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
-C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
-E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
- A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
- B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
- C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
- D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
- E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
- Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
-C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/services/file-share/index.html

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
 <a href=/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
 Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/services/>Services</a>
 › <span>File share</span></nav><h1>File share</h1><p>Visit <a href=https://share.freedoms4.org target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">share.freedoms4.org↗
-</a>to quickly upload files and get sharable links.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/services/xmpp-account/>XMPP Account →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+</a>to quickly upload files and get sharable links.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/services/xmpp-account/>XMPP Account →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/services/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@
 <label class=brand__mobile-toggle for=mobile-menu-check aria-label=Menu><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></label><div class=brand__mobile-links><a href=/login/ class=mobile-link>Login</a>
 <a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
 <a href=/services/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
-Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/services/>Services</a></nav><h1>Services</h1><ol class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--subjects"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/services/file-share/>File share</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/services/xmpp-account/>XMPP Account</a></li></ol></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/services/>Services</a></nav><h1>Services</h1><ol class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--subjects"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/services/file-share/>File share</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/services/xmpp-account/>XMPP Account</a></li></ol></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/services/xmpp-account/index.html

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
 <a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
 <a href=/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
 Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/services/>Services</a>
-› <span>XMPP Account</span></nav><h1>XMPP Account</h1><p>Send your desired username to <a href=mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org>hyzen@freedoms4.org</a> via Email (or via XMPP if already have an XMPP account). Account creation can take upto 24 hours.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/services/file-share/>← File share</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+› <span>XMPP Account</span></nav><h1>XMPP Account</h1><p>Send your desired username to <a href=mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org>hyzen@freedoms4.org</a> via Email (or via XMPP if already have an XMPP account). Account creation can take upto 24 hours.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/services/file-share/>← File share</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/signup/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@
 <label class=brand__mobile-toggle for=mobile-menu-check aria-label=Menu><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></label><div class=brand__mobile-links><a href=/login/ class=mobile-link>Login</a>
 <a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
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docs/sitemap.xml

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docs/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/index.xml

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-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
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docs/subjectcode/index.html

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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+› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109 (3)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107 (2)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106 (1)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110 (4)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/subjectcode/index.xml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Subject Code on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/</link><description>Recent content in Subject Code on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>BO DCM1109</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/</guid><description/></item><item><title>ET DCM1107</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/</link><pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/</guid><description/></item><item><title>PBM DCM1110</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/</guid><description/></item></channel></rss>
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Subject Code on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/</link><description>Recent content in Subject Code on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>BO DCM1109</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/</guid><description/></item><item><title>ET DCM1107</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/</guid><description/></item><item><title>FA DCM1108</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/fa-dcm1108/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/fa-dcm1108/</guid><description/></item><item><title>GE DCM1106</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/</guid><description/></item><item><title>PBM DCM1110</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/</guid><description/></item></channel></rss>

docs/tags/academics/index.html

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@
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-<a href=/categories/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>Categories</a></h1><h2>Academics</h2><div style=margin-bottom:2rem></div><section class=posts-list><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h2 class=term-post-title><a href=/blog/what-is-education/>What is Education?</a></h2></section><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+<a href=/categories/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>Categories</a></h1><h2>Academics</h2><div style=margin-bottom:2rem></div><section class=posts-list><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h2 class=term-post-title><a href=/blog/what-is-education/>What is Education?</a></h2></section><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/tags/education/index.html

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@
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 › <a href=/categories/>Categories</a>
 › <span>Education</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> |
-<a href=/categories/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>Categories</a></h1><h2>Education</h2><div style=margin-bottom:2rem></div><section class=posts-list><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h2 class=term-post-title><a href=/blog/what-is-education/>What is Education?</a></h2></section><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+<a href=/categories/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>Categories</a></h1><h2>Education</h2><div style=margin-bottom:2rem></div><section class=posts-list><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h2 class=term-post-title><a href=/blog/what-is-education/>What is Education?</a></h2></section><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/tags/index.html

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
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 <a href=/tags/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
 Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/blog/>Blog</a>
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+› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/tags/academics/>Academics (1)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/tags/education/>Education (1)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/tags/system/>System (1)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/tags/system/index.html

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@
 Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/blog/>Blog</a>
 › <a href=/categories/>Categories</a>
 › <span>System</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> |
-<a href=/categories/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>Categories</a></h1><h2>System</h2><div style=margin-bottom:2rem></div><section class=posts-list><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h2 class=term-post-title><a href=/blog/what-is-education/>What is Education?</a></h2></section><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+<a href=/categories/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>Categories</a></h1><h2>System</h2><div style=margin-bottom:2rem></div><section class=posts-list><time class=published-date datetime=2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00>Posted on: March 1, 2026</time><h2 class=term-post-title><a href=/blog/what-is-education/>What is Education?</a></h2></section><nav class=paginator></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-s1-unit1/index.html

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-<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><time class=published-date datetime=2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30>Posted on: April 6, 2026</time><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#features-and-nature-of-business>Features and Nature of Business</a></li><li><a href=#concept>Concept</a></li><li><a href=#scope>Scope</a><ul><li><a href=#a-industry>A) Industry</a></li><li><a href=#b-commerce>B) Commerce</a></li><li><a href=#c-modern-dimensions-of-business>C) Modern Dimensions of Business</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#business-as-a-system>Business as a System</a><ul><li><a href=#b-input-process-output-model>B) Input-Process-Output Model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#business-and-environment-interface>Business and Environment Interface</a></li><li><a href=#objectives-of-business>Objectives of Business</a></li><li><a href=#profit-maximization-vs-social-responsibility>Profit Maximization VS. Social Responsibility</a></li></ul></nav></details><h2 class=heading id=features-and-nature-of-business>Features and Nature of Business<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#features-and-nature-of-business>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Economic Activity.<br>B) Continuous Activity.<br>C) Profit Motive.<br>D) Exchange of goods and services.<br>E) Customer Orientation.<br>F) Risk and Uncertainty.<br>G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.<br>H) Global.</p><h2 class=heading id=concept>Concept<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#concept>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Value Creation.<br>B) Profit.<br>C) Social.<br>D) Organised.<br>E) Dynanic.</p><h2 class=heading id=scope>Scope<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#scope>#</a></span></h2><h3 class=heading id=a-industry>A) Industry<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-industry>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).</li><li>Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.</li><li>Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)</li><li>Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)</li><li>Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-commerce>B) Commerce<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-commerce>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Trade.</li><li>Auxiliaries to Trade.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=c-modern-dimensions-of-business>C) Modern Dimensions of Business<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#c-modern-dimensions-of-business>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>E-Business.</li><li>Green Business.</li><li>Social Business.</li><li>Global Business.</li></ol><h2 class=heading id=business-as-a-system>Business as a System<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#business-as-a-system>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Interdependance.<br>B) Input-Process-Output Model.<br>C) Open System.<br>D) Dynamic Nature.</p><h3 class=heading id=b-input-process-output-model>B) Input-Process-Output Model<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-input-process-output-model>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Input.</li><li>Process.</li><li>Output.</li><li>Feedback.</li></ol><h2 class=heading id=business-and-environment-interface>Business and Environment Interface<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#business-and-environment-interface>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Social Environment.<br>B) Economic Environment.<br>C) Politico-legal Environment.<br>D) Technological Environment.<br>E) International Environment.</p><h2 class=heading id=objectives-of-business>Objectives of Business<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#objectives-of-business>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Economic.<br>B) Social.<br>C) Human.<br>D) National.<br>E) International.</p><h2 class=heading id=profit-maximization-vs-social-responsibility>Profit Maximization VS. Social Responsibility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#profit-maximization-vs-social-responsibility>#</a></span></h2><p>(Research pending)</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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-<time class="published-date" datetime="2026-04-05T20:48:44&#43;05:30">Posted on: April 5, 2026</time>
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-  Course Objectives<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#course-objectives">#</a></span>
-</h2><p>A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.<br>
-B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.</p>
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docs/uninotes/index.html

@@ -7,4 +7,22 @@
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+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></nav><h1>UniNotes</h1><h3>Contents</h3><div class=uninotes-contents><div class=uninotes-contents__semester><a class=uninotes-contents__sem-link href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a><div class=uninotes-contents__subject><a class=uninotes-contents__subject-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a><ul class=uninotes-contents__units><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/>Self</a>
+<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/>Self</a>
+<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/>Unit 3</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/>Self</a>
+<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li></ul></div><div class=uninotes-contents__subject><a class=uninotes-contents__subject-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a><ul class=uninotes-contents__units><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Self</span>
+<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/>Live</a></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Self</span>
+<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/>Live</a></span></li></ul></div><div class=uninotes-contents__subject><a class=uninotes-contents__subject-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106</a><ul class=uninotes-contents__units><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Self</span>
+<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/>Live</a></span></li></ul></div><div class=uninotes-contents__subject><a class=uninotes-contents__subject-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110</a><ul class=uninotes-contents__units><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/>Self</a>
+<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/>Live</a></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/>Self</a>
+<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/>Unit 3</a>
+<span class=uninotes-contents__unit-cats><a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/>Self</a>
+<span class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--na">Live</span></span></li></ul></div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/index.xml

@@ -1,115 +1 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>UniNotes on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/</link><description>Recent content in UniNotes on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>UniNotes on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/</link><description>Recent content in UniNotes on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate/><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/></channel></rss>
- Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
-C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
-E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
-F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
-G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
-H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
-&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
- Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
-C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
-E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
-&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
- Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
- A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
- B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
- C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
- Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
-C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
- Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
- Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
-C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
-         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
-         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
-E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
-F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
-G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
-&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
- Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
-C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
-E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
- A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
- B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
- C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
- D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
- E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
- Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
-B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
-C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
-D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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-<h1>Unit 1</h1>
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-<time class="published-date" datetime="2025-11-11T23:15:44&#43;05:30">Posted on: November 11, 2025</time>
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-  <details class="toc">
-    <summary class="toc__summary">Table of Contents</summary>
-    <nav id="TableOfContents">
-  <ul>
-    <li><a href="#characteristics-of-management">Characteristics of Management</a></li>
-    <li><a href="#functions-of-management">Functions of Management</a>
-      <ul>
-        <li><a href="#a-planning">A) Planning</a></li>
-        <li><a href="#b-organising">B) Organising</a></li>
-        <li><a href="#c-staffing">C) Staffing</a></li>
-        <li><a href="#d-directing">D) Directing</a></li>
-        <li><a href="#e-controlling">E) Controlling</a></li>
-      </ul>
-    </li>
-    <li><a href="#significance-of-management">Significance of Management</a></li>
-    <li><a href="#scope-of-management">Scope of Management</a></li>
-  </ul>
-</nav>
-  </details>
-
-
-<h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management">
-  Characteristics of Management<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#characteristics-of-management">#</a></span>
-</h2><p>A) Goal Oriented.<br>
-B) Pervasive.<br>
-C) Multidimentional:<br>
-         (i) Management of People.<br>
-         (ii) Management of Operations.<br>
-D) Continuous.<br>
-E) Dynamic.<br>
-F) Group Activity.<br>
-G) Intangible.</p>
-<h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management">
-  Functions of Management<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#functions-of-management">#</a></span>
-</h2><p>A) Planning.<br>
-B) Organising.<br>
-C) Staffing.<br>
-D) Directing.<br>
-E) Controlling.</p>
-<h3 class="heading" id="a-planning">
-  A) Planning<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#a-planning">#</a></span>
-</h3><ol>
-<li>Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.</li>
-<li>Forecast future conditions.</li>
-<li>Select the best course of action.</li>
-<li>Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.</li>
-</ol>
-<h3 class="heading" id="b-organising">
-  B) Organising<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#b-organising">#</a></span>
-</h3><ol>
-<li>Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.</li>
-<li>Group similar activities.</li>
-<li>Assign duties to individuals.</li>
-<li>Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.</li>
-<li>Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.</li>
-</ol>
-<h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing">
-  C) Staffing<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#c-staffing">#</a></span>
-</h3><ol>
-<li>Recruitment and selection.</li>
-<li>Training.</li>
-<li>Performance appraisal.</li>
-</ol>
-<h3 class="heading" id="d-directing">
-  D) Directing<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#d-directing">#</a></span>
-</h3><ol>
-<li>Leadership and supervision.</li>
-<li>Motivation.</li>
-<li>Communication.</li>
-</ol>
-<h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling">
-  E) Controlling<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#e-controlling">#</a></span>
-</h3><ol>
-<li>Establish performance standards.</li>
-<li>Measure performance.</li>
-<li>Compare performance with the standards.</li>
-<li>Identify reasons for deviations.</li>
-<li>Implement corrective actions.</li>
-<li>Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.</li>
-</ol>
-<h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management">
-  Significance of Management<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#significance-of-management">#</a></span>
-</h2><p>A) Optimum unilization of resources.<br>
-B) Minimisation of costs.<br>
-C) Achievement of group goals.<br>
-D) Organisational stability.</p>
-<ul>
-<li>Management depends on Effectiveness and Efficiency.</li>
-</ul>
-<h2 class="heading" id="scope-of-management">
-  Scope of Management<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#scope-of-management">#</a></span>
-</h2><p>A) Production Management.<br>
-B) Personal Management.<br>
-C) Marketing Management.<br>
-D) Financial Management.</p>
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docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/index.html

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-› <span>BO DCM1109</span></nav><h1>BO DCM1109</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+› <span>BO DCM1109</span></nav><h1>BO DCM1109</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>Unit 2</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/>Unit 3</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/</link><description>Recent content in BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+ Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
+ Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
+ Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
+ A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
+ B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
+ C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
+ Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="primary-sector"&gt;
+ Primary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#primary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="secondary-sector"&gt;
+ Secondary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#secondary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
+ Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
+ Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
+ A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
+monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
+Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
+all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
+ B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
+ C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
+ D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
+(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
+ E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
+ F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
+purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/index.html

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+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 1"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/index.xml

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/</link><description>Recent content in BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
  Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
 B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 2 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 2"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 2"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+<svg class="theme-toggle__moon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor"><path d="M21 12.79A9 9 0 1111.21 3 7 7 0 0021 12.79z"/></svg></button><div class="brand__auth brand__auth--desktop"><input type=checkbox id=auth-dropdown class=brand__auth-check>
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
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+› <span>Unit 2</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span></div><h1>Unit 2</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 2 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 2 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="primary-sector"&gt;
+ Primary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#primary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="secondary-sector"&gt;
+ Secondary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#secondary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 2 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 12, 2026 # Primary Sector # The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.
+Secondary Sector # The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 2"><meta property="og:description" content="April 12, 2026 # Primary Sector # The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.
+Secondary Sector # The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 2"><meta itemprop=description content="April 12, 2026 # Primary Sector # The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.
+Secondary Sector # The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="89"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,BO DCM1109"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
+› <span>Self</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--self">Self</span></div><h1>Unit 2</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#primary-sector>Primary Sector</a></li><li><a href=#secondary-sector>Secondary Sector</a></li><li><a href=#tertiary-sector>Tertiary Sector</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-12-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=primary-sector>Primary Sector<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#primary-sector>#</a></span></h2><p>The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.</p><h2 class=heading id=secondary-sector>Secondary Sector<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#secondary-sector>#</a></span></h2><p>The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.</p><h2 class=heading id=tertiary-sector>Tertiary Sector<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#tertiary-sector>#</a></span></h2><p>This involves the provision of services to businesses as well as final consumers.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/>← Unit 1</a>
+<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/>Unit 3 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/index.html

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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a>
+› <span>Unit 3</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span></div><h1>Unit 3</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 3 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 3 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
+ Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
+ Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
+ A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
+monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
+Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
+all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
+ B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
+ C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
+ D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
+(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
+ E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
+ F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
+purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 3 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 15, 2026 # Types of co-operatives formed # A) Consumer co-operatives.
+B) Producer co-operatives.
+C) Marketing co-operatives.
+D) Housing co-operatives.
+E) Credit co-operatives.
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.
+Types of Companies # A) On the Basis of Incorporation # Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the monarch (no longer applicable in India). Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC). Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost all modern business entities in India. B) On the Basis of Liability # Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)]. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)]. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)]. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares. C) On the Basis of Ownership # Private Company (Section 2(68)). Public Company (Section 2(71)). One Person Company (Section 2(62)). D) On the Basis of Control # Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover (subsidiary of Tata Motors). E) On the Basis of Nationality # Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd. F) On the Basis of Purpose # For-Profit Companies. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation. "><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 3"><meta property="og:description" content="April 15, 2026 # Types of co-operatives formed # A) Consumer co-operatives.
+B) Producer co-operatives.
+C) Marketing co-operatives.
+D) Housing co-operatives.
+E) Credit co-operatives.
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.
+Types of Companies # A) On the Basis of Incorporation # Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the monarch (no longer applicable in India). Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC). Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost all modern business entities in India. B) On the Basis of Liability # Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)]. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)]. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)]. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares. C) On the Basis of Ownership # Private Company (Section 2(68)). Public Company (Section 2(71)). One Person Company (Section 2(62)). D) On the Basis of Control # Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover (subsidiary of Tata Motors). E) On the Basis of Nationality # Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd. F) On the Basis of Purpose # For-Profit Companies. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 3"><meta itemprop=description content="April 15, 2026 # Types of co-operatives formed # A) Consumer co-operatives.
+B) Producer co-operatives.
+C) Marketing co-operatives.
+D) Housing co-operatives.
+E) Credit co-operatives.
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.
+Types of Companies # A) On the Basis of Incorporation # Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the monarch (no longer applicable in India). Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC). Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost all modern business entities in India. B) On the Basis of Liability # Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)]. Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)]. Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)]. Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares. C) On the Basis of Ownership # Private Company (Section 2(68)). Public Company (Section 2(71)). One Person Company (Section 2(62)). D) On the Basis of Control # Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control. Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover (subsidiary of Tata Motors). E) On the Basis of Nationality # Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India. Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd. F) On the Basis of Purpose # For-Profit Companies. Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="254"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,BO DCM1109"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/>Unit 3</a>
+› <span>Self</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--self">Self</span></div><h1>Unit 3</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-15-2026><em><strong>April 15, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#types-of-co-operatives-formed>Types of co-operatives formed</a></li><li><a href=#types-of-companies>Types of Companies</a><ul><li><a href=#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation>A) On the Basis of Incorporation</a></li><li><a href=#b-on-the-basis-of-liability>B) On the Basis of Liability</a></li><li><a href=#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership>C) On the Basis of Ownership</a></li><li><a href=#d-on-the-basis-of-control>D) On the Basis of Control</a></li><li><a href=#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality>E) On the Basis of Nationality</a></li><li><a href=#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose>F) On the Basis of Purpose</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-15-2026><em><strong>April 15, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-15-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=types-of-co-operatives-formed>Types of co-operatives formed<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#types-of-co-operatives-formed>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Consumer co-operatives.<br>B) Producer co-operatives.<br>C) Marketing co-operatives.<br>D) Housing co-operatives.<br>E) Credit co-operatives.<br>F) Cooperative Farming Societies.</p><h2 class=heading id=types-of-companies>Types of Companies<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#types-of-companies>#</a></span></h2><h3 class=heading id=a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation>A) On the Basis of Incorporation<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
+monarch (no longer applicable in India).</li><li>Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
+Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).</li><li>Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
+all modern business entities in India.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-on-the-basis-of-liability>B) On the Basis of Liability<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-on-the-basis-of-liability>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].</li><li>Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].</li><li>Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].</li><li>Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=c-on-the-basis-of-ownership>C) On the Basis of Ownership<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Private Company (Section 2(68)).</li><li>Public Company (Section 2(71)).</li><li>One Person Company (Section 2(62)).</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=d-on-the-basis-of-control>D) On the Basis of Control<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#d-on-the-basis-of-control>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.</li><li>Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
+(subsidiary of Tata Motors).</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=e-on-the-basis-of-nationality>E) On the Basis of Nationality<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.</li><li>Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=f-on-the-basis-of-purpose>F) On the Basis of Purpose<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>For-Profit Companies.</li><li>Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
+purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.</li></ol><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/>← Unit 2</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
-› <span>ET DCM1107</span></nav><h1>ET DCM1107</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/>← BO DCM1109</a>
+› <span>ET DCM1107</span></nav><h1>ET DCM1107</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/>Unit 2</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>← BO DCM1109</a>
-<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
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docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/</link><description>Recent content in ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
+ Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;
+ Definition of Economics by various individuals&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="nature"&gt;
+ Nature&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#nature"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Positive (what is, based on data and logic)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;
+ B) Economics as an Art&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Applied (real world, how to implement)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Described Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Models to predict economic outcomes.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Real-world evidence.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Deductive and Inductive reasoning.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="methods"&gt;
+ Methods&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#methods"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Inductive (specific -&amp;gt; general).&lt;br&gt;
+B) Deductive (general -&amp;gt; specific).&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-utility"&gt;
+ Types of Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Form Utility&lt;br&gt;
+B) Place&lt;br&gt;
+C) Time&lt;br&gt;
+D) Possession&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Equi-Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Exceptions of Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Assumption of increase in price.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Giffen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+D) War.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Economic depression.
+F) Essential goods.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/index.html

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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a>
+› <span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Live class notes</div></a></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
+ Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;
+ Definition of Economics by various individuals&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="nature"&gt;
+ Nature&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#nature"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Positive (what is, based on data and logic)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;
+ B) Economics as an Art&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Applied (real world, how to implement)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Described Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Models to predict economic outcomes.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Real-world evidence.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Deductive and Inductive reasoning.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="methods"&gt;
+ Methods&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#methods"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Inductive (specific -&amp;gt; general).&lt;br&gt;
+B) Deductive (general -&amp;gt; specific).&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 5, 2026 # Course Objectives # A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.
+Definition of Economics by various individuals # A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.
+Nature # A) Economics as a Science # Positive (what is, based on data and logic) Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements) B) Economics as an Art # Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals) Applied (real world, how to implement) A) Described Economics as a Science # Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand). Models to predict economic outcomes. Data analysis, observation, hypothesis. Real-world evidence. Deductive and Inductive reasoning. Limitaion: Human behaviour involved. Methods # A) Inductive (specific -> general).
+B) Deductive (general -> specific)."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:description" content="April 5, 2026 # Course Objectives # A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.
+Definition of Economics by various individuals # A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.
+Nature # A) Economics as a Science # Positive (what is, based on data and logic) Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements) B) Economics as an Art # Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals) Applied (real world, how to implement) A) Described Economics as a Science # Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand). Models to predict economic outcomes. Data analysis, observation, hypothesis. Real-world evidence. Deductive and Inductive reasoning. Limitaion: Human behaviour involved. Methods # A) Inductive (specific -> general).
+B) Deductive (general -> specific)."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 1"><meta itemprop=description content="April 5, 2026 # Course Objectives # A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.
+Definition of Economics by various individuals # A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.
+Nature # A) Economics as a Science # Positive (what is, based on data and logic) Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements) B) Economics as an Art # Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals) Applied (real world, how to implement) A) Described Economics as a Science # Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand). Models to predict economic outcomes. Data analysis, observation, hypothesis. Real-world evidence. Deductive and Inductive reasoning. Limitaion: Human behaviour involved. Methods # A) Inductive (specific -> general).
+B) Deductive (general -> specific)."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="179"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,ET DCM1107"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+› <span>Live</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--live">Live</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-5-2026><em><strong>April 5, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#course-objectives>Course Objectives</a></li><li><a href=#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals>Definition of Economics by various individuals</a></li><li><a href=#nature>Nature</a><ul><li><a href=#a-economics-as-a-science>A) Economics as a Science</a></li><li><a href=#b-economics-as-an-art>B) Economics as an Art</a></li><li><a href=#a-described-economics-as-a-science>A) Described Economics as a Science</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#methods>Methods</a><ul><li><a href=#a-inductive>A) Inductive</a></li><li><a href=#b-deductive>B) Deductive</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-5-2026><em><strong>April 5, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-5-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=course-objectives>Course Objectives<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#course-objectives>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.<br>B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.</p><h2 class=heading id=definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals>Definition of Economics by various individuals<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.<br>B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.<br>C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.<br>D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.</p><h2 class=heading id=nature>Nature<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#nature>#</a></span></h2><h3 class=heading id=a-economics-as-a-science>A) Economics as a Science<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-economics-as-a-science>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Positive (what is, based on data and logic)</li><li>Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-economics-as-an-art>B) Economics as an Art<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-economics-as-an-art>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)</li><li>Applied (real world, how to implement)</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=a-described-economics-as-a-science>A) Described Economics as a Science<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-described-economics-as-a-science>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).</li><li>Models to predict economic outcomes.</li><li>Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.</li><li>Real-world evidence.</li><li>Deductive and Inductive reasoning.</li></ol><ul><li>Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=methods>Methods<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#methods>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Inductive (specific -> general).<br>B) Deductive (general -> specific).</p><h3 class=heading id=a-inductive>A) Inductive<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-inductive>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Real-world observation, identify problem.</li><li>Collect data, analyze and find patterns.</li><li>Formulate and test generalisations.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-deductive>B) Deductive<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-deductive>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Identify the general problem.</li><li>Assumptions, formulate hypothesis.</li><li>Verify using data.</li></ol><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/>Unit 2 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/index.html

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+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 2 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 2"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 2"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <span>Unit 2</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span></div><h1>Unit 2</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Live class notes</div></a></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 2 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 2 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-utility"&gt;
+ Types of Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Form Utility&lt;br&gt;
+B) Place&lt;br&gt;
+C) Time&lt;br&gt;
+D) Possession&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Equi-Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Exceptions of Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Assumption of increase in price.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Giffen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+D) War.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Economic depression.
+F) Essential goods.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 2 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 12, 2026 # Types of Utility # A) Form Utility
+B) Place
+C) Time
+D) Possession
+Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility # Law of Equi-Marginal Utility # Law of Demand # Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.
+Exceptions of Law of Demand # A) Assumption of increase in price.
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.
+C) Giffen goods.
+D) War.
+E) Economic depression. F) Essential goods."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 2"><meta property="og:description" content="April 12, 2026 # Types of Utility # A) Form Utility
+B) Place
+C) Time
+D) Possession
+Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility # Law of Equi-Marginal Utility # Law of Demand # Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.
+Exceptions of Law of Demand # A) Assumption of increase in price.
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.
+C) Giffen goods.
+D) War.
+E) Economic depression. F) Essential goods."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 2"><meta itemprop=description content="April 12, 2026 # Types of Utility # A) Form Utility
+B) Place
+C) Time
+D) Possession
+Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility # Law of Equi-Marginal Utility # Law of Demand # Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.
+Exceptions of Law of Demand # A) Assumption of increase in price.
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.
+C) Giffen goods.
+D) War.
+E) Economic depression. F) Essential goods."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="71"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,ET DCM1107"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/>Unit 2</a>
+› <span>Live</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--live">Live</span></div><h1>Unit 2</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#types-of-utility>Types of Utility</a></li><li><a href=#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility>Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility</a></li><li><a href=#law-of-equi-marginal-utility>Law of Equi-Marginal Utility</a></li><li><a href=#law-of-demand>Law of Demand</a></li><li><a href=#exceptions-of-law-of-demand>Exceptions of Law of Demand</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-12-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=types-of-utility>Types of Utility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#types-of-utility>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Form Utility<br>B) Place<br>C) Time<br>D) Possession</p><h2 class=heading id=law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility>Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility>#</a></span></h2><h2 class=heading id=law-of-equi-marginal-utility>Law of Equi-Marginal Utility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#law-of-equi-marginal-utility>#</a></span></h2><h2 class=heading id=law-of-demand>Law of Demand<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#law-of-demand>#</a></span></h2><p>Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.</p><h2 class=heading id=exceptions-of-law-of-demand>Exceptions of Law of Demand<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#exceptions-of-law-of-demand>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Assumption of increase in price.<br>B) Status goods or Veblen goods.<br>C) Giffen goods.<br>D) War.<br>E) Economic depression.
+F) Essential goods.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>← Unit 1</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/fa-dcm1108/index.html

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docs/uninotes/s1/fa-dcm1108/index.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>FA DCM1108 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/fa-dcm1108/</link><description>Recent content in FA DCM1108 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/fa-dcm1108/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/index.html

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+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>GE DCM1106 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="GE DCM1106"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="GE DCM1106"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <span>GE DCM1106</span></nav><h1>GE DCM1106</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>← ET DCM1107</a>
+<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>GE DCM1106 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/</link><description>Recent content in GE DCM1106 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="theories-on-the-origin-of-language"&gt;
+ Theories on the Origin of Language&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#theories-on-the-origin-of-language"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="types-of-theories"&gt;
+ Types of Theories&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-theories"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Divine.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Bow-Bow.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Pooh-Pooh.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Ding-Dong.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Gesture.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Yo-He-Ho.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Musical.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Tool-Making.&lt;br&gt;
+I) Evolutionary.&lt;br&gt;
+J) Symbolic.&lt;br&gt;
+K) Contemporary Perspective.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 12, 2026 # Theories on the Origin of Language # Types of Theories # A) Divine.
+B) Bow-Bow.
+C) Pooh-Pooh.
+D) Ding-Dong.
+E) Gesture.
+F) Yo-He-Ho.
+G) Musical.
+H) Tool-Making.
+I) Evolutionary.
+J) Symbolic.
+K) Contemporary Perspective."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:description" content="April 12, 2026 # Theories on the Origin of Language # Types of Theories # A) Divine.
+B) Bow-Bow.
+C) Pooh-Pooh.
+D) Ding-Dong.
+E) Gesture.
+F) Yo-He-Ho.
+G) Musical.
+H) Tool-Making.
+I) Evolutionary.
+J) Symbolic.
+K) Contemporary Perspective."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 1"><meta itemprop=description content="April 12, 2026 # Theories on the Origin of Language # Types of Theories # A) Divine.
+B) Bow-Bow.
+C) Pooh-Pooh.
+D) Ding-Dong.
+E) Gesture.
+F) Yo-He-Ho.
+G) Musical.
+H) Tool-Making.
+I) Evolutionary.
+J) Symbolic.
+K) Contemporary Perspective."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="38"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,GE DCM1106"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
+<svg class="theme-toggle__sun" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 7c-2.76.0-5 2.24-5 5s2.24 5 5 5 5-2.24 5-5-2.24-5-5-5zM2 13h2c.55.0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1H2c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1zm18 0h2c.55.0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1h-2c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1zM11 2v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1V2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1zm0 18v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1zM5.99 4.58c-.39-.39-1.03-.39-1.41.0-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41l1.06 1.06c.39.39 1.03.39 1.41.0s.39-1.03.0-1.41L5.99 4.58zm12.37 12.37c-.39-.39-1.03-.39-1.41.0-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41l1.06 1.06c.39.39 1.03.39 1.41.0.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41l-1.06-1.06zm1.06-12.37-1.06 1.06c-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41s1.03.39 1.41.0l1.06-1.06c.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41s-1.03-.39-1.41.0zM7.05 18.36l-1.06 1.06c-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41s1.03.39 1.41.0l1.06-1.06c.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41s-1.03-.39-1.41.0z"/></svg>
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106</a>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
+› <span>Live</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>GE DCM1106</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--live">Live</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#theories-on-the-origin-of-language>Theories on the Origin of Language</a><ul><li><a href=#types-of-theories>Types of Theories</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-12-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=theories-on-the-origin-of-language>Theories on the Origin of Language<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#theories-on-the-origin-of-language>#</a></span></h2><h3 class=heading id=types-of-theories>Types of Theories<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#types-of-theories>#</a></span></h3><p>A) Divine.<br>B) Bow-Bow.<br>C) Pooh-Pooh.<br>D) Ding-Dong.<br>E) Gesture.<br>F) Yo-He-Ho.<br>G) Musical.<br>H) Tool-Making.<br>I) Evolutionary.<br>J) Symbolic.<br>K) Contemporary Perspective.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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-› <span>S1</span></nav><h1>S1</h1><ol class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--subjects"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110</a></li></ol></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+› <span>S1</span></nav><h1>S1</h1><ol class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--subjects"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110</a></li></ol></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>S1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/</link><description>Recent content in S1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+ Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
+ Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
+ Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
+ A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
+ B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
+ C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
+ Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
+ Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;
+ Definition of Economics by various individuals&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="nature"&gt;
+ Nature&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#nature"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Positive (what is, based on data and logic)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;
+ B) Economics as an Art&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Applied (real world, how to implement)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
+ A) Described Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Models to predict economic outcomes.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Real-world evidence.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Deductive and Inductive reasoning.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="methods"&gt;
+ Methods&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#methods"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Inductive (specific -&amp;gt; general).&lt;br&gt;
+B) Deductive (general -&amp;gt; specific).&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="theories-on-the-origin-of-language"&gt;
+ Theories on the Origin of Language&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#theories-on-the-origin-of-language"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="types-of-theories"&gt;
+ Types of Theories&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-theories"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Divine.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Bow-Bow.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Pooh-Pooh.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Ding-Dong.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Gesture.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Yo-He-Ho.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Musical.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Tool-Making.&lt;br&gt;
+I) Evolutionary.&lt;br&gt;
+J) Symbolic.&lt;br&gt;
+K) Contemporary Perspective.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="introduction"&gt;
+ Introduction&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#introduction"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
+ Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
+         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
+         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
+ Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
+ A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
+ B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
+ C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
+ D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
+ E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
+ Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="primary-sector"&gt;
+ Primary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#primary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="secondary-sector"&gt;
+ Secondary Sector&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#secondary-sector"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-utility"&gt;
+ Types of Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Form Utility&lt;br&gt;
+B) Place&lt;br&gt;
+C) Time&lt;br&gt;
+D) Possession&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;
+ Law of Equi-Marginal Utility&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-equi-marginal-utility"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;
+ Exceptions of Law of Demand&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#exceptions-of-law-of-demand"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Assumption of increase in price.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Status goods or Veblen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Giffen goods.&lt;br&gt;
+D) War.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Economic depression.
+F) Essential goods.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="behaviors-of-managers"&gt;
+ Behaviors of Managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#behaviors-of-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-coaching-managers"&gt;
+ A) Coaching managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-coaching-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coaching managers usually take on a teacher-like role, and they have an excellent understanding of
+the different stages of professional development. They love to motivate their employees to improve.
+They do this by helping them build strong personal relationships. Some of the most common
+qualities of a coaching manager include:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Educating every employee of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Looking after the long-term professional development of their employees.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Bringing the team together whilst also evaluating each individual&amp;rsquo;s progress.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-authoritative-managers"&gt;
+ B) Authoritative managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-authoritative-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Authoritative managers make sure that they are handling most of the decision-making and task
+delegation by themselves, whilst also making sure that they are maintaining a strict protocol in their
+office. They most often focus on adhering to rules and making sure that employees complete tasks
+as per the company’s standard of quality. Some of the common qualities of an authoritative manager
+include:&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;
+ Types of co-operatives formed&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Consumer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Producer co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Marketing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Housing co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Credit co-operatives.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Cooperative Farming Societies.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"&gt;
+ Types of Companies&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#types-of-companies"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;
+ A) On the Basis of Incorporation&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the
+monarch (no longer applicable in India).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example:
+Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost
+all modern business entities in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;
+ B) On the Basis of Liability&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;
+ C) On the Basis of Ownership&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Private Company (Section 2(68)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Public Company (Section 2(71)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;One Person Company (Section 2(62)).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;
+ D) On the Basis of Control&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover
+(subsidiary of Tata Motors).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;
+ E) On the Basis of Nationality&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;
+ F) On the Basis of Purpose&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;For-Profit Companies.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social
+purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;
+ Classical approach comprised the following three approaches:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-scientific-management"&gt;
+ A) Scientific Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-scientific-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In scientific management, scientific methods are used to study and analyse the problems in factories and businesses. It involves the use of rational methods, understanding issues, and finding relevant &amp;amp; practical solutions. The main contribution in scientific management is of Frederick Winslow Taylor, who is well renowned as ‘The father of scientific management’.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-administration-management"&gt;
+ B) Administration Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-administration-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is mainly related to the performance of managers and has defined various functions of administration. In administration management, the emphasis is laid on evaluating the existing processes, identifying the underlying principles, and developing the management theories. These functions are interlinked and help managers perform effectively. The major contribution towards administration management is from Henry Fayol.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/index.html

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
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+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
-› <span>PBM DCM1110</span></nav><h1>PBM DCM1110</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/>← ET DCM1107</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+› <span>PBM DCM1110</span></nav><h1>PBM DCM1110</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/>Unit 2</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/>Unit 3</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>← GE DCM1106</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/</link><description>Recent content in PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="introduction"&gt;
+ Introduction&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#introduction"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
+ Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
+         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
+         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
+ Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
+ A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
+ B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
+ C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
+ D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
+ E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
+ Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 2</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="behaviors-of-managers"&gt;
+ Behaviors of Managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#behaviors-of-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-coaching-managers"&gt;
+ A) Coaching managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-coaching-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coaching managers usually take on a teacher-like role, and they have an excellent understanding of
+the different stages of professional development. They love to motivate their employees to improve.
+They do this by helping them build strong personal relationships. Some of the most common
+qualities of a coaching manager include:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Educating every employee of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Looking after the long-term professional development of their employees.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Bringing the team together whilst also evaluating each individual&amp;rsquo;s progress.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-authoritative-managers"&gt;
+ B) Authoritative managers&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-authoritative-managers"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Authoritative managers make sure that they are handling most of the decision-making and task
+delegation by themselves, whilst also making sure that they are maintaining a strict protocol in their
+office. They most often focus on adhering to rules and making sure that employees complete tasks
+as per the company’s standard of quality. Some of the common qualities of an authoritative manager
+include:&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 3</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 15, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-15-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;
+ Classical approach comprised the following three approaches:&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#classical-approach-comprised-the-following-three-approaches"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-scientific-management"&gt;
+ A) Scientific Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-scientific-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In scientific management, scientific methods are used to study and analyse the problems in factories and businesses. It involves the use of rational methods, understanding issues, and finding relevant &amp;amp; practical solutions. The main contribution in scientific management is of Frederick Winslow Taylor, who is well renowned as ‘The father of scientific management’.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-administration-management"&gt;
+ B) Administration Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-administration-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is mainly related to the performance of managers and has defined various functions of administration. In administration management, the emphasis is laid on evaluating the existing processes, identifying the underlying principles, and developing the management theories. These functions are interlinked and help managers perform effectively. The major contribution towards administration management is from Henry Fayol.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
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+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Live class notes</div></a></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/index.xml

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-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/</link><description>Recent content in PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 12, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-12-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="introduction"&gt;
+ Introduction&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#introduction"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
+ &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
  Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
 B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;

docs/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/index.html

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" Course Objectives # A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 12, 2026 # Introduction # Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:description" content="April 12, 2026 # Introduction # Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 1"><meta itemprop=description content="April 12, 2026 # Introduction # Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="29"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,PBM DCM1110"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
-B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:description" content="Course Objectives # A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.
-B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2026-04-05T20:48:44+05:30"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2026-04-05T20:48:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 1"><meta itemprop=description content="Course Objectives # A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.
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-<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><time class=published-date datetime=2026-04-05T20:48:44+05:30>Posted on: April 5, 2026</time><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#course-objectives>Course Objectives</a></li></ul></nav></details><h2 class=heading id=course-objectives>Course Objectives<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#course-objectives>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.<br>B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+› <span>Live</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--live">Live</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#introduction>Introduction</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-12-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=introduction>Introduction<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#introduction>#</a></span></h2><p>Management is a process where is an environment is developed to achieve the predefined goals and objectives through planning, organising, directing and controlling.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/>Unit 2 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented.
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 5, 2026 # Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented.
 B) Pervasive.
 C) Multidimentional:
 (i) Management of People.
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ E) Controlling.
 A) Planning # Determine the goals or mission of the organisation. Forecast future conditions. Select the best course of action. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets. B) Organising # Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on. Group similar activities. Assign duties to individuals. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control. C) Staffing # Recruitment and selection. Training. Performance appraisal. D) Directing # Leadership and supervision. Motivation. Communication. E) Controlling # Establish performance standards. Measure performance. Compare performance with the standards. Identify reasons for deviations. Implement corrective actions. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement. Significance of Management # A) Optimum unilization of resources.
 B) Minimisation of costs.
 C) Achievement of group goals.
-D) Organisational stability."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:description" content="Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented.
+D) Organisational stability."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:description" content="April 5, 2026 # Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented.
 B) Pervasive.
 C) Multidimentional:
 (i) Management of People.
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ E) Controlling.
 A) Planning # Determine the goals or mission of the organisation. Forecast future conditions. Select the best course of action. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets. B) Organising # Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on. Group similar activities. Assign duties to individuals. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control. C) Staffing # Recruitment and selection. Training. Performance appraisal. D) Directing # Leadership and supervision. Motivation. Communication. E) Controlling # Establish performance standards. Measure performance. Compare performance with the standards. Identify reasons for deviations. Implement corrective actions. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement. Significance of Management # A) Optimum unilization of resources.
 B) Minimisation of costs.
 C) Achievement of group goals.
-D) Organisational stability."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 1"><meta itemprop=description content="Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented.
+D) Organisational stability."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 1"><meta itemprop=description content="April 5, 2026 # Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented.
 B) Pervasive.
 C) Multidimentional:
 (i) Management of People.
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ E) Controlling.
 A) Planning # Determine the goals or mission of the organisation. Forecast future conditions. Select the best course of action. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets. B) Organising # Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on. Group similar activities. Assign duties to individuals. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control. C) Staffing # Recruitment and selection. Training. Performance appraisal. D) Directing # Leadership and supervision. Motivation. Communication. E) Controlling # Establish performance standards. Measure performance. Compare performance with the standards. Identify reasons for deviations. Implement corrective actions. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement. Significance of Management # A) Optimum unilization of resources.
 B) Minimisation of costs.
 C) Achievement of group goals.
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-› <span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+› <a href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
-<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><time class=published-date datetime=2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30>Posted on: November 11, 2025</time><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management</a></li><li><a href=#functions-of-management>Functions of Management</a><ul><li><a href=#a-planning>A) Planning</a></li><li><a href=#b-organising>B) Organising</a></li><li><a href=#c-staffing>C) Staffing</a></li><li><a href=#d-directing>D) Directing</a></li><li><a href=#e-controlling>E) Controlling</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#significance-of-management>Significance of Management</a></li><li><a href=#scope-of-management>Scope of Management</a></li></ul></nav></details><h2 class=heading id=characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#characteristics-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Goal Oriented.<br>B) Pervasive.<br>C) Multidimentional:<br>         (i) Management of People.<br>         (ii) Management of Operations.<br>D) Continuous.<br>E) Dynamic.<br>F) Group Activity.<br>G) Intangible.</p><h2 class=heading id=functions-of-management>Functions of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#functions-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Planning.<br>B) Organising.<br>C) Staffing.<br>D) Directing.<br>E) Controlling.</p><h3 class=heading id=a-planning>A) Planning<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-planning>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.</li><li>Forecast future conditions.</li><li>Select the best course of action.</li><li>Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-organising>B) Organising<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-organising>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.</li><li>Group similar activities.</li><li>Assign duties to individuals.</li><li>Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.</li><li>Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=c-staffing>C) Staffing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#c-staffing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Recruitment and selection.</li><li>Training.</li><li>Performance appraisal.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=d-directing>D) Directing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#d-directing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Leadership and supervision.</li><li>Motivation.</li><li>Communication.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=e-controlling>E) Controlling<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#e-controlling>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Establish performance standards.</li><li>Measure performance.</li><li>Compare performance with the standards.</li><li>Identify reasons for deviations.</li><li>Implement corrective actions.</li><li>Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.</li></ol><h2 class=heading id=significance-of-management>Significance of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#significance-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Optimum unilization of resources.<br>B) Minimisation of costs.<br>C) Achievement of group goals.<br>D) Organisational stability.</p><ul><li>Management depends on Effectiveness and Efficiency.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=scope-of-management>Scope of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#scope-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Production Management.<br>B) Personal Management.<br>C) Marketing Management.<br>D) Financial Management.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+› <span>Self</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span>
+<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--self">Self</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-5-2026><em><strong>April 5, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management</a></li><li><a href=#functions-of-management>Functions of Management</a><ul><li><a href=#a-planning>A) Planning</a></li><li><a href=#b-organising>B) Organising</a></li><li><a href=#c-staffing>C) Staffing</a></li><li><a href=#d-directing>D) Directing</a></li><li><a href=#e-controlling>E) Controlling</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#significance-of-management>Significance of Management</a></li><li><a href=#scope-of-management>Scope of Management</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-5-2026><em><strong>April 5, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-5-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#characteristics-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Goal Oriented.<br>B) Pervasive.<br>C) Multidimentional:<br>         (i) Management of People.<br>         (ii) Management of Operations.<br>D) Continuous.<br>E) Dynamic.<br>F) Group Activity.<br>G) Intangible.</p><h2 class=heading id=functions-of-management>Functions of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#functions-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Planning.<br>B) Organising.<br>C) Staffing.<br>D) Directing.<br>E) Controlling.</p><h3 class=heading id=a-planning>A) Planning<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-planning>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.</li><li>Forecast future conditions.</li><li>Select the best course of action.</li><li>Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-organising>B) Organising<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-organising>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.</li><li>Group similar activities.</li><li>Assign duties to individuals.</li><li>Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.</li><li>Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=c-staffing>C) Staffing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#c-staffing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Recruitment and selection.</li><li>Training.</li><li>Performance appraisal.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=d-directing>D) Directing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#d-directing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Leadership and supervision.</li><li>Motivation.</li><li>Communication.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=e-controlling>E) Controlling<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#e-controlling>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Establish performance standards.</li><li>Measure performance.</li><li>Compare performance with the standards.</li><li>Identify reasons for deviations.</li><li>Implement corrective actions.</li><li>Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.</li></ol><h2 class=heading id=significance-of-management>Significance of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#significance-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Optimum unilization of resources.<br>B) Minimisation of costs.<br>C) Achievement of group goals.<br>D) Organisational stability.</p><ul><li>Management depends on Effectiveness and Efficiency.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=scope-of-management>Scope of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#scope-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Production Management.<br>B) Personal Management.<br>C) Marketing Management.<br>D) Financial Management.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/>Unit 2 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>