Add: DCM1109 Unit1

content/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
++++
+date = '2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30'
+draft = false
+semester = ['S1']
+subjectcode = ['BO DCM1109']
+unit = 'Unit 1'
+title = 'Unit 1'
+toc = true
++++
+
+## Features and Nature of Business
+
+A) Economic Activity.  
+B) Continuous Activity.  
+C) Profit Motive.  
+D) Exchange of goods and services.  
+E) Customer Orientation.  
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.  
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.  
+H) Global.
+
+## Concept
+
+A) Value Creation.  
+B) Profit.  
+C) Social.  
+D) Organised.  
+E) Dynanic.  
+
+## Scope
+
+### A) Industry
+
+1. Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).
+2. Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.
+3. Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)
+4. Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)
+5. Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)
+
+### B) Commerce
+
+1. Trade.
+2. Auxiliaries to Trade.
+
+### C) Modern Dimensions of Business
+
+1. E-Business.
+2. Green Business.
+3. Social Business.
+4. Global Business.
+
+## Business as a System
+
+A) Interdependance.  
+B) Input-Process-Output Model.  
+C) Open System.  
+D) Dynamic Nature.  
+
+### B) Input-Process-Output Model
+
+1. Input.
+2. Process.
+3. Output.
+4. Feedback.
+
+## Business and Environment Interface
+
+A) Social Environment.  
+B) Economic Environment.  
+C) Politico-legal Environment.  
+D) Technological Environment.  
+E) International Environment.
+
+## Objectives of Business
+
+A) Economic.  
+B) Social.  
+C) Human.  
+D) National.  
+E) International.
+
+## Profit Maximization VS. Social Responsibility
+
+(Research pending)

content/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1.md

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+date = '2026-04-05T20:48:44+05:30'
+draft = false
+semester = ['S1']
+subjectcode = ['ET DCM1107']
+unit = 'Unit 1'
+title = 'Unit 1'
+toc = true
++++
+
+## Course Objectives
+
+A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.  
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.

content/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1.md

@@ -8,6 +8,74 @@ title = 'Unit 1'
 toc = true
 +++
 
-## Introduction
+## Characteristics of Management
 
-Unit 1 notes go here.
+A) Goal Oriented.  
+B) Pervasive.  
+C) Multidimentional:  
+         (i) Management of People.  
+         (ii) Management of Operations.   
+D) Continuous.  
+E) Dynamic.  
+F) Group Activity.  
+G) Intangible.
+
+## Functions of Management
+
+A) Planning.  
+B) Organising.  
+C) Staffing.  
+D) Directing.  
+E) Controlling.
+
+### A) Planning
+
+1. Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.
+2. Forecast future conditions.
+3. Select the best course of action.
+4. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.
+
+### B) Organising
+
+1. Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.
+2. Group similar activities.
+3. Assign duties to individuals.
+4. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.
+5. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.
+
+### C) Staffing
+
+1. Recruitment and selection.
+2. Training.
+3. Performance appraisal.
+
+### D) Directing
+
+1. Leadership and supervision.
+2. Motivation.
+3. Communication.
+
+### E) Controlling
+
+1. Establish performance standards.
+2. Measure performance.
+3. Compare performance with the standards.
+4. Identify reasons for deviations.
+5. Implement corrective actions.
+6. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.
+
+## Significance of Management
+
+A) Optimum unilization of resources.  
+B) Minimisation of costs.  
+C) Achievement of group goals.  
+D) Organisational stability.  
+
+* Management depends on Effectiveness and Efficiency.
+
+## Scope of Management
+
+A) Production Management.  
+B) Personal Management.  
+C) Marketing Management.  
+D) Financial Management.

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+
+.page-item.active {
+  font-weight: bolder; }
+
+.page-nav {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  margin-block: 1rem; }
+
+.section-post-title,
+.term-post-title {
+  margin-block-start: 0; }
+
+.home-post-title {
+  margin-block-end: 0; }
+
+.summary {
+  margin-block-start: 0; }
+
+:not(pre) > code {
+  padding-inline: 0.25rem; }
+
+div.highlight {
+  overflow-x: auto;
+  margin-block: 1rem; }
+  div.highlight > div.chroma > table.lntable {
+    padding-inline-end: 0.4rem; }
+  div.highlight > pre.chroma {
+    padding-inline: 0.4rem; }
+
+pre:not(.chroma) {
+  overflow-x: auto;
+  padding-block: 1rem;
+  padding-inline: 0.4rem; }
+
+pre {
+  font-size: 0.875rem; }
+
+.footer {
+  font-size: smaller; }

docs/index.html

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.160.1"><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Home"><meta property="og:description" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Home"><meta itemprop=description content="Freedoms4"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00"><meta itemprop=wordCount content="197"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.160.1"><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Home"><meta property="og:description" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Home"><meta itemprop=description content="Freedoms4"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=wordCount content="197"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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docs/index.xml

@@ -1,4 +1,54 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/</link><description>Recent updates on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2026 18:11:14 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>What is Education?</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/blog/what-is-education/</link><pubDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2026 18:11:14 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/blog/what-is-education/</guid><description>&lt;h1 class="heading" id="what-is-education"&gt;
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/</link><description>Recent updates on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+ Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
+ Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
+ Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
+ A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
+ B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
+ C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
+ Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
+ Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>What is Education?</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/blog/what-is-education/</link><pubDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2026 18:11:14 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/blog/what-is-education/</guid><description>&lt;h1 class="heading" id="what-is-education"&gt;
  What is Education?&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#what-is-education"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 &lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p&gt;Education simply means &amp;ldquo;learning&amp;rdquo;. It&amp;rsquo;s a natural process.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;h3 class="heading" id="ratio-of-components-in-education"&gt;
@@ -22,9 +72,71 @@
 &lt;li&gt;Politics.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Education as a concept/implementation/system is good.
-Academics is good only as a concept. It&amp;rsquo;s implementation and system is always the worst and corrupted.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="introduction"&gt;
- Introduction&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#introduction"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unit 1 notes go here.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Coming Soon</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/coming-soon/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/coming-soon/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;This feature is not yet available. Check back later!&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Coming soon!</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/login/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/login/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;The feature is not available yet.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Coming soon!</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/signup/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/signup/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;The feature is not available yet.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Contact</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/contact/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/contact/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Admin:&lt;/strong&gt; hyzen&lt;/p&gt;
+Academics is good only as a concept. It&amp;rsquo;s implementation and system is always the worst and corrupted.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
+ Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
+         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
+         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
+ Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
+ A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
+ B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
+ C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
+ D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
+ E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
+ Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Coming Soon</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/coming-soon/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/coming-soon/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;This feature is not yet available. Check back later!&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Coming soon!</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/login/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/login/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;The feature is not available yet.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Coming soon!</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/signup/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/signup/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;The feature is not available yet.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Contact</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/contact/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/contact/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Admin:&lt;/strong&gt; hyzen&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;h2 class="heading" id="contacts"&gt;
  Contacts&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#contacts"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;Email&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="xmpp:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;XMPP&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org"&gt;hyzen@freedoms4.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

docs/semester/index.html

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Semester | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/semester/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Semester"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Semester"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/semester/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Semester | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/semester/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Semester"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Semester"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/semester/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
 <a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
 <a href=/semester/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
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-› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/semester/s1/>S1 (1)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/semester/s1/>S1 (3)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/semester/index.xml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Semester on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/semester/</link><description>Recent content in Semester on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/semester/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>S1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/</guid><description/></item></channel></rss>
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Semester on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/semester/</link><description>Recent content in Semester on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/semester/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>S1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/</guid><description/></item></channel></rss>

docs/semester/s1/index.html

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>S1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="S1"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="S1"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/semester/s1/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>S1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="S1"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="S1"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/semester/s1/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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 <svg class="theme-toggle__moon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor"><path d="M21 12.79A9 9 0 1111.21 3 7 7 0 0021 12.79z"/></svg></button><div class="brand__auth brand__auth--desktop"><input type=checkbox id=auth-dropdown class=brand__auth-check>
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@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
 <a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
 <a href=/semester/s1/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
 Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a>
-› <span>S1</span></nav><h1>S1</h1><ol class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--subjects"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110</a></li></ol></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+› <span>S1</span></nav><h1>S1</h1><ol class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--subjects"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110</a></li></ol></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/semester/s1/index.xml

@@ -1,3 +1,115 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>S1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/</link><description>Recent content in S1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="introduction"&gt;
- Introduction&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#introduction"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unit 1 notes go here.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>S1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/</link><description>Recent content in S1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+ Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
+ Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
+ Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
+ A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
+ B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
+ C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
+ Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
+ Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
+ Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
+         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
+         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
+ Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
+ A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
+ B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
+ C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
+ D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
+ E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
+ Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/sitemap.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/</loc><lastmod>2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/</loc><lastmod>2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/semester/s1/</loc><lastmod>2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/semester/</loc><lastmod>2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/</loc><lastmod>2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</loc><lastmod>2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/</loc><lastmod>2026-04-05T20:48:44+05:30</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</loc><lastmod>2026-04-05T20:48:44+05:30</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/tags/academics/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/blog/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/categories/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/tags/education/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/categories/philosophy/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/tags/system/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/tags/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/blog/what-is-education/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/coming-soon/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/login/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/signup/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/contact/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/services/file-share/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/services/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</loc></url></urlset>

docs/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
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+› <a href=/semester/s1/>S1</a>
+› <span>BO DCM1109</span></nav><h1>BO DCM1109</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/</link><description>Recent content in BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+ Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
+ Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
+ Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
+ A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
+ B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
+ C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
+ Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>ET DCM1107 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="ET DCM1107"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="ET DCM1107"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2026-04-05T20:48:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2026-04-05T20:48:44+05:30"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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+Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs"><a href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a>
+› <a href=/semester/s1/>S1</a>
+› <span>ET DCM1107</span></nav><h1>ET DCM1107</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/>← BO DCM1109</a>
+<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/index.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/</link><description>Recent content in ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
+ Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/subjectcode/index.html

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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-› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110 (1)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109 (1)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107 (1)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110 (1)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/subjectcode/index.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Subject Code on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/</link><description>Recent content in Subject Code on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>BO DCM1109</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/bo-dcm1109/</guid><description/></item><item><title>ET DCM1107</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/</link><pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/</guid><description/></item><item><title>PBM DCM1110</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/</guid><description/></item></channel></rss>

docs/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/index.html

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-› <span>PBM DCM1110</span></nav><h1>PBM DCM1110</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+› <span>PBM DCM1110</span></nav><h1>PBM DCM1110</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/>← ET DCM1107</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/index.xml

@@ -1,3 +1,65 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/</link><description>Recent content in PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="introduction"&gt;
- Introduction&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#introduction"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unit 1 notes go here.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/</link><description>Recent content in PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/pbm-dcm1110/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
+ Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
+         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
+         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
+ Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
+ A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
+ B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
+ C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
+ D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
+ E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
+ Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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+  <span class="uninotes-meta__pill">ET DCM1107</span>
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+<h1>Unit 1</h1>
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+<time class="published-date" datetime="2026-04-05T20:48:44&#43;05:30">Posted on: April 5, 2026</time>
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+  <details class="toc">
+    <summary class="toc__summary">Table of Contents</summary>
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+    <li><a href="#course-objectives">Course Objectives</a></li>
+  </ul>
+</nav>
+  </details>
+
+
+<h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives">
+  Course Objectives<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#course-objectives">#</a></span>
+</h2><p>A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.<br>
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.</p>
+
+
+
+
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docs/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" Features and Nature of Business # A) Economic Activity.
+B) Continuous Activity.
+C) Profit Motive.
+D) Exchange of goods and services.
+E) Customer Orientation.
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.
+H) Global.
+Concept # A) Value Creation.
+B) Profit.
+C) Social.
+D) Organised.
+E) Dynanic.
+Scope # A) Industry # Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining). Secondary Industry: Manufacturing. Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery) Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training) Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs) B) Commerce # Trade. Auxiliaries to Trade. C) Modern Dimensions of Business # E-Business. Green Business. Social Business. Global Business. Business as a System # A) Interdependance.
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+B) Continuous Activity.
+C) Profit Motive.
+D) Exchange of goods and services.
+E) Customer Orientation.
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.
+H) Global.
+Concept # A) Value Creation.
+B) Profit.
+C) Social.
+D) Organised.
+E) Dynanic.
+Scope # A) Industry # Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining). Secondary Industry: Manufacturing. Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery) Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training) Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs) B) Commerce # Trade. Auxiliaries to Trade. C) Modern Dimensions of Business # E-Business. Green Business. Social Business. Global Business. Business as a System # A) Interdependance.
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+D) Exchange of goods and services.
+E) Customer Orientation.
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.
+H) Global.
+Concept # A) Value Creation.
+B) Profit.
+C) Social.
+D) Organised.
+E) Dynanic.
+Scope # A) Industry # Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining). Secondary Industry: Manufacturing. Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery) Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training) Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs) B) Commerce # Trade. Auxiliaries to Trade. C) Modern Dimensions of Business # E-Business. Green Business. Social Business. Global Business. Business as a System # A) Interdependance.
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+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><time class=published-date datetime=2026-04-06T20:48:44+05:30>Posted on: April 6, 2026</time><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#features-and-nature-of-business>Features and Nature of Business</a></li><li><a href=#concept>Concept</a></li><li><a href=#scope>Scope</a><ul><li><a href=#a-industry>A) Industry</a></li><li><a href=#b-commerce>B) Commerce</a></li><li><a href=#c-modern-dimensions-of-business>C) Modern Dimensions of Business</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#business-as-a-system>Business as a System</a><ul><li><a href=#b-input-process-output-model>B) Input-Process-Output Model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#business-and-environment-interface>Business and Environment Interface</a></li><li><a href=#objectives-of-business>Objectives of Business</a></li><li><a href=#profit-maximization-vs-social-responsibility>Profit Maximization VS. Social Responsibility</a></li></ul></nav></details><h2 class=heading id=features-and-nature-of-business>Features and Nature of Business<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#features-and-nature-of-business>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Economic Activity.<br>B) Continuous Activity.<br>C) Profit Motive.<br>D) Exchange of goods and services.<br>E) Customer Orientation.<br>F) Risk and Uncertainty.<br>G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.<br>H) Global.</p><h2 class=heading id=concept>Concept<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#concept>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Value Creation.<br>B) Profit.<br>C) Social.<br>D) Organised.<br>E) Dynanic.</p><h2 class=heading id=scope>Scope<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#scope>#</a></span></h2><h3 class=heading id=a-industry>A) Industry<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-industry>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).</li><li>Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.</li><li>Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)</li><li>Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)</li><li>Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-commerce>B) Commerce<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-commerce>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Trade.</li><li>Auxiliaries to Trade.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=c-modern-dimensions-of-business>C) Modern Dimensions of Business<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#c-modern-dimensions-of-business>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>E-Business.</li><li>Green Business.</li><li>Social Business.</li><li>Global Business.</li></ol><h2 class=heading id=business-as-a-system>Business as a System<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#business-as-a-system>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Interdependance.<br>B) Input-Process-Output Model.<br>C) Open System.<br>D) Dynamic Nature.</p><h3 class=heading id=b-input-process-output-model>B) Input-Process-Output Model<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-input-process-output-model>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Input.</li><li>Process.</li><li>Output.</li><li>Feedback.</li></ol><h2 class=heading id=business-and-environment-interface>Business and Environment Interface<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#business-and-environment-interface>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Social Environment.<br>B) Economic Environment.<br>C) Politico-legal Environment.<br>D) Technological Environment.<br>E) International Environment.</p><h2 class=heading id=objectives-of-business>Objectives of Business<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#objectives-of-business>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Economic.<br>B) Social.<br>C) Human.<br>D) National.<br>E) International.</p><h2 class=heading id=profit-maximization-vs-social-responsibility>Profit Maximization VS. Social Responsibility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#profit-maximization-vs-social-responsibility>#</a></span></h2><p>(Research pending)</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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+<time class="published-date" datetime="2026-04-05T20:48:44&#43;05:30">Posted on: April 5, 2026</time>
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+  Course Objectives<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#course-objectives">#</a></span>
+</h2><p>A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.<br>
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docs/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/index.html

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+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" Course Objectives # A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.
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+› <a href=/semester/s1/>S1</a>
+› <a href=/subjectcode/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a>
+› <span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><time class=published-date datetime=2026-04-05T20:48:44+05:30>Posted on: April 5, 2026</time><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#course-objectives>Course Objectives</a></li></ul></nav></details><h2 class=heading id=course-objectives>Course Objectives<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#course-objectives>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.<br>B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

docs/uninotes/index.xml

@@ -1,3 +1,115 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>UniNotes on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/</link><description>Recent content in UniNotes on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="introduction"&gt;
- Introduction&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#introduction"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unit 1 notes go here.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>UniNotes on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/</link><description>Recent content in UniNotes on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
+ Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
+H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
+ Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
+ Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
+ A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
+ B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
+ C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
+ Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:48:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
+ Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 23:15:44 +0530</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
+ Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
+         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
+         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
+F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
+G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
+ Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
+E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
+ A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
+ B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
+ C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
+ D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
+ E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
+ Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
+B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
+C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
+D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

docs/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-s1-unit1/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html
+	class="html"
+	lang="en-us"
+	dir="ltr"
+>
+	<head><script src="/livereload.js?mindelay=10&amp;v=2&amp;port=1313&amp;path=livereload" data-no-instant defer></script>
+		<meta charset="utf-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
+<title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title>
+
+
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css">
+
+<link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" />
+
+<meta name="description" content=" Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented.
+B) Pervasive.
+C) Multidimentional:
+(i) Management of People.
+(ii) Management of Operations.
+D) Continuous.
+E) Dynamic.
+F) Group Activity.
+G) Intangible.
+Functions of Management # A) Planning.
+B) Organising.
+C) Staffing.
+D) Directing.
+E) Controlling.
+A) Planning # Determine the goals or mission of the organisation. Forecast future conditions. Select the best course of action. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets. B) Organising # Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on. Group similar activities. Assign duties to individuals. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control. C) Staffing # Recruitment and selection. Training. Performance appraisal. D) Directing # Leadership and supervision. Motivation. Communication. E) Controlling # Establish performance standards. Measure performance. Compare performance with the standards. Identify reasons for deviations. Implement corrective actions. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement. Significance of Management # A) Optimum unilization of resources.
+B) Minimisation of costs.
+C) Achievement of group goals.
+D) Organisational stability.">
+<meta property="og:url" content="http://localhost:1313/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-s1-unit1/">
+  <meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4">
+  <meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1">
+  <meta property="og:description" content="Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented.
+B) Pervasive.
+C) Multidimentional:
+(i) Management of People.
+(ii) Management of Operations.
+D) Continuous.
+E) Dynamic.
+F) Group Activity.
+G) Intangible.
+Functions of Management # A) Planning.
+B) Organising.
+C) Staffing.
+D) Directing.
+E) Controlling.
+A) Planning # Determine the goals or mission of the organisation. Forecast future conditions. Select the best course of action. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets. B) Organising # Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on. Group similar activities. Assign duties to individuals. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control. C) Staffing # Recruitment and selection. Training. Performance appraisal. D) Directing # Leadership and supervision. Motivation. Communication. E) Controlling # Establish performance standards. Measure performance. Compare performance with the standards. Identify reasons for deviations. Implement corrective actions. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement. Significance of Management # A) Optimum unilization of resources.
+B) Minimisation of costs.
+C) Achievement of group goals.
+D) Organisational stability.">
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+B) Pervasive.
+C) Multidimentional:
+(i) Management of People.
+(ii) Management of Operations.
+D) Continuous.
+E) Dynamic.
+F) Group Activity.
+G) Intangible.
+Functions of Management # A) Planning.
+B) Organising.
+C) Staffing.
+D) Directing.
+E) Controlling.
+A) Planning # Determine the goals or mission of the organisation. Forecast future conditions. Select the best course of action. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets. B) Organising # Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on. Group similar activities. Assign duties to individuals. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control. C) Staffing # Recruitment and selection. Training. Performance appraisal. D) Directing # Leadership and supervision. Motivation. Communication. E) Controlling # Establish performance standards. Measure performance. Compare performance with the standards. Identify reasons for deviations. Implement corrective actions. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement. Significance of Management # A) Optimum unilization of resources.
+B) Minimisation of costs.
+C) Achievement of group goals.
+D) Organisational stability.">
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+  <span class="uninotes-meta__pill">S1</span>
+  <span class="uninotes-meta__pill">PBM DCM1110</span>
+</div>
+
+<h1>Unit 1</h1>
+
+<time class="published-date" datetime="2025-11-11T23:15:44&#43;05:30">Posted on: November 11, 2025</time>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  <details class="toc">
+    <summary class="toc__summary">Table of Contents</summary>
+    <nav id="TableOfContents">
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#characteristics-of-management">Characteristics of Management</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#functions-of-management">Functions of Management</a>
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="#a-planning">A) Planning</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#b-organising">B) Organising</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#c-staffing">C) Staffing</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#d-directing">D) Directing</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#e-controlling">E) Controlling</a></li>
+      </ul>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#significance-of-management">Significance of Management</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#scope-of-management">Scope of Management</a></li>
+  </ul>
+</nav>
+  </details>
+
+
+<h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management">
+  Characteristics of Management<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#characteristics-of-management">#</a></span>
+</h2><p>A) Goal Oriented.<br>
+B) Pervasive.<br>
+C) Multidimentional:<br>
+         (i) Management of People.<br>
+         (ii) Management of Operations.<br>
+D) Continuous.<br>
+E) Dynamic.<br>
+F) Group Activity.<br>
+G) Intangible.</p>
+<h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management">
+  Functions of Management<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#functions-of-management">#</a></span>
+</h2><p>A) Planning.<br>
+B) Organising.<br>
+C) Staffing.<br>
+D) Directing.<br>
+E) Controlling.</p>
+<h3 class="heading" id="a-planning">
+  A) Planning<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#a-planning">#</a></span>
+</h3><ol>
+<li>Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.</li>
+<li>Forecast future conditions.</li>
+<li>Select the best course of action.</li>
+<li>Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.</li>
+</ol>
+<h3 class="heading" id="b-organising">
+  B) Organising<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#b-organising">#</a></span>
+</h3><ol>
+<li>Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.</li>
+<li>Group similar activities.</li>
+<li>Assign duties to individuals.</li>
+<li>Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.</li>
+<li>Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.</li>
+</ol>
+<h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing">
+  C) Staffing<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#c-staffing">#</a></span>
+</h3><ol>
+<li>Recruitment and selection.</li>
+<li>Training.</li>
+<li>Performance appraisal.</li>
+</ol>
+<h3 class="heading" id="d-directing">
+  D) Directing<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#d-directing">#</a></span>
+</h3><ol>
+<li>Leadership and supervision.</li>
+<li>Motivation.</li>
+<li>Communication.</li>
+</ol>
+<h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling">
+  E) Controlling<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#e-controlling">#</a></span>
+</h3><ol>
+<li>Establish performance standards.</li>
+<li>Measure performance.</li>
+<li>Compare performance with the standards.</li>
+<li>Identify reasons for deviations.</li>
+<li>Implement corrective actions.</li>
+<li>Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.</li>
+</ol>
+<h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management">
+  Significance of Management<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#significance-of-management">#</a></span>
+</h2><p>A) Optimum unilization of resources.<br>
+B) Minimisation of costs.<br>
+C) Achievement of group goals.<br>
+D) Organisational stability.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Management depends on Effectiveness and Efficiency.</li>
+</ul>
+<h2 class="heading" id="scope-of-management">
+  Scope of Management<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#scope-of-management">#</a></span>
+</h2><p>A) Production Management.<br>
+B) Personal Management.<br>
+C) Marketing Management.<br>
+D) Financial Management.</p>
+
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docs/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/index.html

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-<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" Introduction # Unit 1 notes go here."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:description" content="Introduction # Unit 1 notes go here."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 1"><meta itemprop=description content="Introduction # Unit 1 notes go here."><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=wordCount content="7"><meta itemprop=keywords content="S1,PBM DCM1110"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
+<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented.
+B) Pervasive.
+C) Multidimentional:
+(i) Management of People.
+(ii) Management of Operations.
+D) Continuous.
+E) Dynamic.
+F) Group Activity.
+G) Intangible.
+Functions of Management # A) Planning.
+B) Organising.
+C) Staffing.
+D) Directing.
+E) Controlling.
+A) Planning # Determine the goals or mission of the organisation. Forecast future conditions. Select the best course of action. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets. B) Organising # Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on. Group similar activities. Assign duties to individuals. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control. C) Staffing # Recruitment and selection. Training. Performance appraisal. D) Directing # Leadership and supervision. Motivation. Communication. E) Controlling # Establish performance standards. Measure performance. Compare performance with the standards. Identify reasons for deviations. Implement corrective actions. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement. Significance of Management # A) Optimum unilization of resources.
+B) Minimisation of costs.
+C) Achievement of group goals.
+D) Organisational stability."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:description" content="Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented.
+B) Pervasive.
+C) Multidimentional:
+(i) Management of People.
+(ii) Management of Operations.
+D) Continuous.
+E) Dynamic.
+F) Group Activity.
+G) Intangible.
+Functions of Management # A) Planning.
+B) Organising.
+C) Staffing.
+D) Directing.
+E) Controlling.
+A) Planning # Determine the goals or mission of the organisation. Forecast future conditions. Select the best course of action. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets. B) Organising # Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on. Group similar activities. Assign duties to individuals. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control. C) Staffing # Recruitment and selection. Training. Performance appraisal. D) Directing # Leadership and supervision. Motivation. Communication. E) Controlling # Establish performance standards. Measure performance. Compare performance with the standards. Identify reasons for deviations. Implement corrective actions. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement. Significance of Management # A) Optimum unilization of resources.
+B) Minimisation of costs.
+C) Achievement of group goals.
+D) Organisational stability."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="uninotes"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30"><meta itemprop=name content="Unit 1"><meta itemprop=description content="Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented.
+B) Pervasive.
+C) Multidimentional:
+(i) Management of People.
+(ii) Management of Operations.
+D) Continuous.
+E) Dynamic.
+F) Group Activity.
+G) Intangible.
+Functions of Management # A) Planning.
+B) Organising.
+C) Staffing.
+D) Directing.
+E) Controlling.
+A) Planning # Determine the goals or mission of the organisation. Forecast future conditions. Select the best course of action. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets. B) Organising # Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on. Group similar activities. Assign duties to individuals. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control. C) Staffing # Recruitment and selection. Training. Performance appraisal. D) Directing # Leadership and supervision. Motivation. Communication. E) Controlling # Establish performance standards. Measure performance. Compare performance with the standards. Identify reasons for deviations. Implement corrective actions. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement. Significance of Management # A) Optimum unilization of resources.
+B) Minimisation of costs.
+C) Achievement of group goals.
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-<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><time class=published-date datetime=2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30>Posted on: November 11, 2025</time><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#introduction>Introduction</a></li></ul></nav></details><h2 class=heading id=introduction>Introduction<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#introduction>#</a></span></h2><p>Unit 1 notes go here.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
+<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><time class=published-date datetime=2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30>Posted on: November 11, 2025</time><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management</a></li><li><a href=#functions-of-management>Functions of Management</a><ul><li><a href=#a-planning>A) Planning</a></li><li><a href=#b-organising>B) Organising</a></li><li><a href=#c-staffing>C) Staffing</a></li><li><a href=#d-directing>D) Directing</a></li><li><a href=#e-controlling>E) Controlling</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#significance-of-management>Significance of Management</a></li><li><a href=#scope-of-management>Scope of Management</a></li></ul></nav></details><h2 class=heading id=characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#characteristics-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Goal Oriented.<br>B) Pervasive.<br>C) Multidimentional:<br>         (i) Management of People.<br>         (ii) Management of Operations.<br>D) Continuous.<br>E) Dynamic.<br>F) Group Activity.<br>G) Intangible.</p><h2 class=heading id=functions-of-management>Functions of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#functions-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Planning.<br>B) Organising.<br>C) Staffing.<br>D) Directing.<br>E) Controlling.</p><h3 class=heading id=a-planning>A) Planning<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-planning>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.</li><li>Forecast future conditions.</li><li>Select the best course of action.</li><li>Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-organising>B) Organising<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-organising>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.</li><li>Group similar activities.</li><li>Assign duties to individuals.</li><li>Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.</li><li>Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=c-staffing>C) Staffing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#c-staffing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Recruitment and selection.</li><li>Training.</li><li>Performance appraisal.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=d-directing>D) Directing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#d-directing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Leadership and supervision.</li><li>Motivation.</li><li>Communication.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=e-controlling>E) Controlling<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#e-controlling>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Establish performance standards.</li><li>Measure performance.</li><li>Compare performance with the standards.</li><li>Identify reasons for deviations.</li><li>Implement corrective actions.</li><li>Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.</li></ol><h2 class=heading id=significance-of-management>Significance of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#significance-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Optimum unilization of resources.<br>B) Minimisation of costs.<br>C) Achievement of group goals.<br>D) Organisational stability.</p><ul><li>Management depends on Effectiveness and Efficiency.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=scope-of-management>Scope of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#scope-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Production Management.<br>B) Personal Management.<br>C) Marketing Management.<br>D) Financial Management.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>