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Author SHA1 Message Date
hyzen
590e5b78c6 Update: et-dcm1107-unit1-live 2026-04-11 20:52:58 +05:30
hyzen
281d29a2f4 Fix: et-dcm1107/unit1 live note type 2026-04-11 20:29:41 +05:30
hyzen
6e189e24b5 Fix: et-dcm1107/unit1 live note type 2026-04-11 20:22:47 +05:30
hyzen
3826fc059a Update: unit-choice.html 2026-04-11 19:58:46 +05:30
hyzen
08825eb17f Add: live notes 2026-04-11 19:24:18 +05:30
34 changed files with 777 additions and 186 deletions

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@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ semester = ['S1']
subjectcode = ['SUBJECT CODE'] subjectcode = ['SUBJECT CODE']
unit = 'Unit 1' unit = 'Unit 1'
title = 'Unit 1' title = 'Unit 1'
notecategory = 'Self'
toc = true toc = true
weight = 1 weight = 1
url = '/uninotes/s1/subject-code/filename/' url = '/uninotes/s1/subject-code/filename/self/'
uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/subject-code/filename/'
+++ +++

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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+++
draft = false
title = 'Unit 1'
unit = 'Unit 1'
weight = 1
layout = 'unit-choice'
url = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/'
+++

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@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ draft = false
semester = ['S1'] semester = ['S1']
subjectcode = ['BO DCM1109'] subjectcode = ['BO DCM1109']
unit = 'Unit 1' unit = 'Unit 1'
notecategory = 'Self'
title = 'Unit 1' title = 'Unit 1'
toc = true toc = true
weight = 1 weight = 1
url = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/' url = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/'
uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/'
+++ +++
### ***April 6, 2026*** ### ***April 6, 2026***

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@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
+++
draft = false
semester = ['S1']
subjectcode = ['ET DCM1107']
unit = 'Unit 1'
title = 'Unit 1'
toc = true
weight = 1
url = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/'
+++
### ***April 9, 2026***
## Course Objectives
A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.
B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.

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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+++
draft = false
title = 'Unit 1'
unit = 'Unit 1'
weight = 1
layout = 'unit-choice'
url = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/'
+++

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@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+++
draft = false
semester = ['S1']
subjectcode = ['ET DCM1107']
unit = 'Unit 1'
notecategory = 'Live'
title = 'Unit 1'
toc = true
weight = 1
url = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/'
uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/'
+++
### ***April 5, 2026***
## Course Objectives
A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.
B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.
## Definition of Economics by various individuals
A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.
B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.
C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.
D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.
## Nature
### A) Economics as a Science
1. Positive (what is, based on data and logic)
2. Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)
### B) Economics as an Art
1. Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)
2. Applied (real world, how to implement)
### A) Described Economics as a Science
1. Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).
2. Models to predict economic outcomes.
3. Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.
4. Real-world evidence.
5. Deductive and Inductive reasoning.
* Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.
## Methods
A) Inductive (specific -> general).
B) Deductive (general -> specific).
### A) Inductive
1. Real-world observation, identify problem.
2. Collect data, analyze and find patterns.
3. Formulate and test generalisations.
### B) Deductive
1. Identify the general problem.
2. Assumptions, formulate hypothesis.
3. Verify using data.

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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+++
draft = false
title = 'Unit 1'
unit = 'Unit 1'
weight = 1
layout = 'unit-choice'
url = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/'
+++

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@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ draft = false
semester = ['S1'] semester = ['S1']
subjectcode = ['PBM DCM1110'] subjectcode = ['PBM DCM1110']
unit = 'Unit 1' unit = 'Unit 1'
notecategory = 'Self'
title = 'Unit 1' title = 'Unit 1'
toc = true toc = true
weight = 1 weight = 1
url = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/' url = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/'
uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/'
+++ +++
### ***April 5, 2026*** ### ***April 5, 2026***

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@@ -659,3 +659,94 @@
display: none !important; display: none !important;
} }
} }
/* ── Unit Choice Page (Self / Live) ─────────────────────────────────────── */
.unit-choice__subtitle {
color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.unit-choice__options {
display: flex;
gap: 1.2rem;
flex-wrap: wrap;
margin-top: 1rem;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.unit-choice__card {
flex: 1;
min-width: 180px;
max-width: 260px;
border: 2px solid var(--accent-color);
border-radius: 12px;
padding: 1.75rem 1.5rem;
text-decoration: none;
color: var(--foreground-color);
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
gap: 0.6rem;
transition: background 0.18s ease, color 0.18s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
text-align: center;
cursor: pointer;
}
.unit-choice__card:hover {
background: var(--accent-color);
color: var(--background-color, #fff);
transform: translateY(-2px);
text-decoration: none;
}
.unit-choice__card--live {
border-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
opacity: 0.7;
}
.unit-choice__card--live:hover {
background: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
border-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
color: var(--background-color, #fff);
}
.unit-choice__icon {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}
.unit-choice__label {
font-size: 1.25rem;
font-weight: 700;
letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.unit-choice__desc {
font-size: 0.8rem;
opacity: 0.72;
line-height: 1.45;
}
/* notecategory pill colour */
.uninotes-meta__pill--self {
border-color: var(--accent-color);
color: var(--accent-color);
}
.uninotes-meta__pill--live {
border-color: var(--accent-color);
color: var(--accent-color);
}
.unit-choice__card--unavailable {
cursor: not-allowed;
opacity: 0.45;
}
.unit-choice__card--unavailable:hover {
transform: none;
}

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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/</link><description>Recent updates on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2026 18:11:14 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/</link><description>Recent updates on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2026 18:11:14 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
@@ -47,12 +47,48 @@ E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt; B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
C) Open System.&lt;br&gt; C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-9-2026"&gt; D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 9, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-9-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt; B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;
Definition of Economics by various individuals&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.&lt;br&gt;
B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.&lt;br&gt;
C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.&lt;br&gt;
D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="nature"&gt;
Nature&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#nature"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
A) Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Positive (what is, based on data and logic)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;
B) Economics as an Art&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Applied (real world, how to implement)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
A) Described Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Models to predict economic outcomes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Real-world evidence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deductive and Inductive reasoning.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="methods"&gt;
Methods&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#methods"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Inductive (specific -&amp;gt; general).&lt;br&gt;
B) Deductive (general -&amp;gt; specific).&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>UniNotes on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/</link><description>Recent content in UniNotes on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>UniNotes on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/</link><description>Recent content in UniNotes on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><lastBuildDate/><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/></channel></rss>
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-9-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 9, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-9-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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<span>BO DCM1109</span></nav><h1>BO DCM1109</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html> <span>BO DCM1109</span></nav><h1>BO DCM1109</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/</link><description>Recent content in BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/</link><description>Recent content in BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

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<a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
<a href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109</a>
<span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>BO DCM1109</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
C) Profit Motive.&lt;br&gt;
D) Exchange of goods and services.&lt;br&gt;
E) Customer Orientation.&lt;br&gt;
F) Risk and Uncertainty.&lt;br&gt;
G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.&lt;br&gt;
H) Global.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="concept"&gt;
Concept&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#concept"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Value Creation.&lt;br&gt;
B) Profit.&lt;br&gt;
C) Social.&lt;br&gt;
D) Organised.&lt;br&gt;
E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="scope"&gt;
Scope&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#scope"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"&gt;
A) Industry&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-industry"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"&gt;
B) Commerce&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-commerce"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Auxiliaries to Trade.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;
C) Modern Dimensions of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;E-Business.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Green Business.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Social Business.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Global Business.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"&gt;
Business as a System&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#business-as-a-system"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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<a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a> <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
<span>ET DCM1107</span></nav><h1>ET DCM1107</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>← BO DCM1109</a> <span>ET DCM1107</span></nav><h1>ET DCM1107</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>← BO DCM1109</a>
<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html> <a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/</link><description>Recent content in ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-9-2026"&gt; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/</link><description>Recent content in ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 9, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-9-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss> B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;
Definition of Economics by various individuals&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.&lt;br&gt;
B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.&lt;br&gt;
C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.&lt;br&gt;
D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="nature"&gt;
Nature&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#nature"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
A) Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Positive (what is, based on data and logic)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;
B) Economics as an Art&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Applied (real world, how to implement)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
A) Described Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Models to predict economic outcomes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Real-world evidence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deductive and Inductive reasoning.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="methods"&gt;
Methods&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#methods"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Inductive (specific -&amp;gt; general).&lt;br&gt;
B) Deductive (general -&amp;gt; specific).&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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<a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
<a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a>
<span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Live class notes</div></a></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;
Definition of Economics by various individuals&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.&lt;br&gt;
B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.&lt;br&gt;
C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.&lt;br&gt;
D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="nature"&gt;
Nature&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#nature"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
A) Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Positive (what is, based on data and logic)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;
B) Economics as an Art&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Applied (real world, how to implement)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
A) Described Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Models to predict economic outcomes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Real-world evidence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deductive and Inductive reasoning.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="methods"&gt;
Methods&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#methods"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Inductive (specific -&amp;gt; general).&lt;br&gt;
B) Deductive (general -&amp;gt; specific).&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Unit 1 | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" April 5, 2026 # Course Objectives # A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.
B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.
Definition of Economics by various individuals # A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.
B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.
C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.
D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.
Nature # A) Economics as a Science # Positive (what is, based on data and logic) Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements) B) Economics as an Art # Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals) Applied (real world, how to implement) A) Described Economics as a Science # Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand). Models to predict economic outcomes. Data analysis, observation, hypothesis. Real-world evidence. Deductive and Inductive reasoning. Limitaion: Human behaviour involved. Methods # A) Inductive (specific -> general).
B) Deductive (general -> specific)."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:description" content="April 5, 2026 # Course Objectives # A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.
B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.
Definition of Economics by various individuals # A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.
B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.
C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.
D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.
Nature # A) Economics as a Science # Positive (what is, based on data and logic) Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements) B) Economics as an Art # Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals) Applied (real world, how to implement) A) Described Economics as a Science # Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand). Models to predict economic outcomes. Data analysis, observation, hypothesis. Real-world evidence. Deductive and Inductive reasoning. Limitaion: Human behaviour involved. Methods # A) Inductive (specific -> general).
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B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.
Definition of Economics by various individuals # A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.
B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.
C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.
D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.
Nature # A) Economics as a Science # Positive (what is, based on data and logic) Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements) B) Economics as an Art # Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals) Applied (real world, how to implement) A) Described Economics as a Science # Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand). Models to predict economic outcomes. Data analysis, observation, hypothesis. Real-world evidence. Deductive and Inductive reasoning. Limitaion: Human behaviour involved. Methods # A) Inductive (specific -> general).
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<a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a>
<a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
<span>Live</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span>
<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--live">Live</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-5-2026><em><strong>April 5, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#course-objectives>Course Objectives</a></li><li><a href=#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals>Definition of Economics by various individuals</a></li><li><a href=#nature>Nature</a><ul><li><a href=#a-economics-as-a-science>A) Economics as a Science</a></li><li><a href=#b-economics-as-an-art>B) Economics as an Art</a></li><li><a href=#a-described-economics-as-a-science>A) Described Economics as a Science</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#methods>Methods</a><ul><li><a href=#a-inductive>A) Inductive</a></li><li><a href=#b-deductive>B) Deductive</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-5-2026><em><strong>April 5, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-5-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=course-objectives>Course Objectives<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#course-objectives>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.<br>B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.</p><h2 class=heading id=definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals>Definition of Economics by various individuals<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.<br>B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.<br>C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.<br>D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.</p><h2 class=heading id=nature>Nature<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#nature>#</a></span></h2><h3 class=heading id=a-economics-as-a-science>A) Economics as a Science<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-economics-as-a-science>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Positive (what is, based on data and logic)</li><li>Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-economics-as-an-art>B) Economics as an Art<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-economics-as-an-art>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)</li><li>Applied (real world, how to implement)</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=a-described-economics-as-a-science>A) Described Economics as a Science<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-described-economics-as-a-science>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).</li><li>Models to predict economic outcomes.</li><li>Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.</li><li>Real-world evidence.</li><li>Deductive and Inductive reasoning.</li></ol><ul><li>Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=methods>Methods<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#methods>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Inductive (specific -> general).<br>B) Deductive (general -> specific).</p><h3 class=heading id=a-inductive>A) Inductive<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-inductive>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Real-world observation, identify problem.</li><li>Collect data, analyze and find patterns.</li><li>Formulate and test generalisations.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-deductive>B) Deductive<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-deductive>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Identify the general problem.</li><li>Assumptions, formulate hypothesis.</li><li>Verify using data.</li></ol></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span> <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>Unit 1</a>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-9-2026><em><strong>April 9, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#course-objectives>Course Objectives</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-9-2026><em><strong>April 9, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-9-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=course-objectives>Course Objectives<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#course-objectives>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.<br>B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html> <span>Self</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span>
<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--self">Self</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-9-2026><em><strong>April 9, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#course-objectives>Course Objectives</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-9-2026><em><strong>April 9, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-9-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=course-objectives>Course Objectives<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#course-objectives>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.<br>B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>S1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/</link><description>Recent content in S1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>S1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/</link><description>Recent content in S1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
@@ -47,12 +47,48 @@ E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt; B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
C) Open System.&lt;br&gt; C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-9-2026"&gt; D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 9, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-9-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt; B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;
Definition of Economics by various individuals&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#definition-of-economics-by-various-individuals"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Wealth Definition by Adam Smith.&lt;br&gt;
B) Welfare Definition by Alfred Marshall.&lt;br&gt;
C) Scarcity Definition by Robbins.&lt;br&gt;
D) Growth Defintion by Samuelson.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="nature"&gt;
Nature&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#nature"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
A) Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Positive (what is, based on data and logic)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Normative (what ought to be, opinions, judgements)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;
B) Economics as an Art&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-economics-as-an-art"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pure (what ought to be, ideals and goals)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Applied (real world, how to implement)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;
A) Described Economics as a Science&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-described-economics-as-a-science"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Focuses on laws and cause-and-effect relationships (e.g Law of Demand).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Models to predict economic outcomes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Data analysis, observation, hypothesis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Real-world evidence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deductive and Inductive reasoning.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limitaion: Human behaviour involved.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="methods"&gt;
Methods&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#methods"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Inductive (specific -&amp;gt; general).&lt;br&gt;
B) Deductive (general -&amp;gt; specific).&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

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<a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a> <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
<span>PBM DCM1110</span></nav><h1>PBM DCM1110</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>← ET DCM1107</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html> <span>PBM DCM1110</span></nav><h1>PBM DCM1110</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>← ET DCM1107</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/</link><description>Recent content in PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/</link><description>Recent content in PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

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<span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="april-5-2026"&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;
C) Multidimentional:&lt;br&gt;
         (i) Management of People.&lt;br&gt;
         (ii) Management of Operations.&lt;br&gt;
D) Continuous.&lt;br&gt;
E) Dynamic.&lt;br&gt;
F) Group Activity.&lt;br&gt;
G) Intangible.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="functions-of-management"&gt;
Functions of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#functions-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Planning.&lt;br&gt;
B) Organising.&lt;br&gt;
C) Staffing.&lt;br&gt;
D) Directing.&lt;br&gt;
E) Controlling.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="a-planning"&gt;
A) Planning&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#a-planning"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Forecast future conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Select the best course of action.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="b-organising"&gt;
B) Organising&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#b-organising"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Group similar activities.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Assign duties to individuals.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="c-staffing"&gt;
C) Staffing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#c-staffing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recruitment and selection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Training.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Performance appraisal.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="d-directing"&gt;
D) Directing&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#d-directing"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leadership and supervision.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Motivation.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Communication.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 class="heading" id="e-controlling"&gt;
E) Controlling&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#e-controlling"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Establish performance standards.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Measure performance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compare performance with the standards.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Identify reasons for deviations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Implement corrective actions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h2 class="heading" id="significance-of-management"&gt;
Significance of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#significance-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Optimum unilization of resources.&lt;br&gt;
B) Minimisation of costs.&lt;br&gt;
C) Achievement of group goals.&lt;br&gt;
D) Organisational stability.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ E) Controlling.
A) Planning # Determine the goals or mission of the organisation. Forecast future conditions. Select the best course of action. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets. B) Organising # Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on. Group similar activities. Assign duties to individuals. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control. C) Staffing # Recruitment and selection. Training. Performance appraisal. D) Directing # Leadership and supervision. Motivation. Communication. E) Controlling # Establish performance standards. Measure performance. Compare performance with the standards. Identify reasons for deviations. Implement corrective actions. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement. Significance of Management # A) Optimum unilization of resources. A) Planning # Determine the goals or mission of the organisation. Forecast future conditions. Select the best course of action. Formulate policies, procedures, budgets. B) Organising # Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on. Group similar activities. Assign duties to individuals. Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles. Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control. C) Staffing # Recruitment and selection. Training. Performance appraisal. D) Directing # Leadership and supervision. Motivation. Communication. E) Controlling # Establish performance standards. Measure performance. Compare performance with the standards. Identify reasons for deviations. Implement corrective actions. Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement. Significance of Management # A) Optimum unilization of resources.
B) Minimisation of costs. B) Minimisation of costs.
C) Achievement of group goals. C) Achievement of group goals.
D) Organisational stability."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:description" content="April 5, 2026 # Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented. D) Organisational stability."><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Unit 1"><meta property="og:description" content="April 5, 2026 # Characteristics of Management # A) Goal Oriented.
B) Pervasive. B) Pervasive.
C) Multidimentional: C) Multidimentional:
(i) Management of People. (i) Management of People.
@@ -61,5 +61,7 @@ D) Organisational stability."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="196"><meta itemp
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<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-5-2026><em><strong>April 5, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management</a></li><li><a href=#functions-of-management>Functions of Management</a><ul><li><a href=#a-planning>A) Planning</a></li><li><a href=#b-organising>B) Organising</a></li><li><a href=#c-staffing>C) Staffing</a></li><li><a href=#d-directing>D) Directing</a></li><li><a href=#e-controlling>E) Controlling</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#significance-of-management>Significance of Management</a></li><li><a href=#scope-of-management>Scope of Management</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-5-2026><em><strong>April 5, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-5-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#characteristics-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Goal Oriented.<br>B) Pervasive.<br>C) Multidimentional:<br>         (i) Management of People.<br>         (ii) Management of Operations.<br>D) Continuous.<br>E) Dynamic.<br>F) Group Activity.<br>G) Intangible.</p><h2 class=heading id=functions-of-management>Functions of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#functions-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Planning.<br>B) Organising.<br>C) Staffing.<br>D) Directing.<br>E) Controlling.</p><h3 class=heading id=a-planning>A) Planning<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-planning>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.</li><li>Forecast future conditions.</li><li>Select the best course of action.</li><li>Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-organising>B) Organising<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-organising>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.</li><li>Group similar activities.</li><li>Assign duties to individuals.</li><li>Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.</li><li>Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=c-staffing>C) Staffing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#c-staffing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Recruitment and selection.</li><li>Training.</li><li>Performance appraisal.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=d-directing>D) Directing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#d-directing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Leadership and supervision.</li><li>Motivation.</li><li>Communication.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=e-controlling>E) Controlling<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#e-controlling>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Establish performance standards.</li><li>Measure performance.</li><li>Compare performance with the standards.</li><li>Identify reasons for deviations.</li><li>Implement corrective actions.</li><li>Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.</li></ol><h2 class=heading id=significance-of-management>Significance of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#significance-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Optimum unilization of resources.<br>B) Minimisation of costs.<br>C) Achievement of group goals.<br>D) Organisational stability.</p><ul><li>Management depends on Effectiveness and Efficiency.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=scope-of-management>Scope of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#scope-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Production Management.<br>B) Personal Management.<br>C) Marketing Management.<br>D) Financial Management.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html> <span>Self</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span>
<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--self">Self</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-5-2026><em><strong>April 5, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management</a></li><li><a href=#functions-of-management>Functions of Management</a><ul><li><a href=#a-planning>A) Planning</a></li><li><a href=#b-organising>B) Organising</a></li><li><a href=#c-staffing>C) Staffing</a></li><li><a href=#d-directing>D) Directing</a></li><li><a href=#e-controlling>E) Controlling</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#significance-of-management>Significance of Management</a></li><li><a href=#scope-of-management>Scope of Management</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-5-2026><em><strong>April 5, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-5-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#characteristics-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Goal Oriented.<br>B) Pervasive.<br>C) Multidimentional:<br>         (i) Management of People.<br>         (ii) Management of Operations.<br>D) Continuous.<br>E) Dynamic.<br>F) Group Activity.<br>G) Intangible.</p><h2 class=heading id=functions-of-management>Functions of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#functions-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Planning.<br>B) Organising.<br>C) Staffing.<br>D) Directing.<br>E) Controlling.</p><h3 class=heading id=a-planning>A) Planning<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-planning>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.</li><li>Forecast future conditions.</li><li>Select the best course of action.</li><li>Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-organising>B) Organising<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-organising>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.</li><li>Group similar activities.</li><li>Assign duties to individuals.</li><li>Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.</li><li>Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=c-staffing>C) Staffing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#c-staffing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Recruitment and selection.</li><li>Training.</li><li>Performance appraisal.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=d-directing>D) Directing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#d-directing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Leadership and supervision.</li><li>Motivation.</li><li>Communication.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=e-controlling>E) Controlling<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#e-controlling>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Establish performance standards.</li><li>Measure performance.</li><li>Compare performance with the standards.</li><li>Identify reasons for deviations.</li><li>Implement corrective actions.</li><li>Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.</li></ol><h2 class=heading id=significance-of-management>Significance of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#significance-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Optimum unilization of resources.<br>B) Minimisation of costs.<br>C) Achievement of group goals.<br>D) Organisational stability.</p><ul><li>Management depends on Effectiveness and Efficiency.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=scope-of-management>Scope of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#scope-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Production Management.<br>B) Personal Management.<br>C) Marketing Management.<br>D) Financial Management.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

View File

@@ -29,13 +29,18 @@
<h1>{{ $subjectCode }}</h1> <h1>{{ $subjectCode }}</h1>
<ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"> <ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units">
{{ $seenUnits := slice }}
{{ range .Pages.ByWeight }} {{ range .Pages.ByWeight }}
{{ $unitLabel := (.Params.unit | default .Title) }}
{{ if not (in $seenUnits $unitLabel) }}
{{ $seenUnits = $seenUnits | append $unitLabel }}
<li class="uninotes-list__item"> <li class="uninotes-list__item">
<a class="uninotes-list__link" href="{{ .RelPermalink }}"> <a class="uninotes-list__link" href="{{ .Params.uniturl }}">
{{ with .Params.unit }}{{ . }}{{ else }}{{ .Title }}{{ end }} {{ $unitLabel }}
</a> </a>
</li> </li>
{{ end }} {{ end }}
{{ end }}
</ul> </ul>
{{/* Subject prev/next — siblings in same semester */}} {{/* Subject prev/next — siblings in same semester */}}

View File

@@ -29,12 +29,16 @@
<a href="{{ $subPage.RelPermalink }}">{{ $subjectcode }}</a> <a href="{{ $subPage.RelPermalink }}">{{ $subjectcode }}</a>
{{ end }} {{ end }}
{{ end }} {{ end }}
<span>{{ .Params.unit | default .Title }}</span> <a href="{{ .Params.uniturl }}">{{ .Params.unit | default .Title }}</a>
<span>{{ .Params.notecategory | default "Notes" }}</span>
</nav> </nav>
<div class="uninotes-meta"> <div class="uninotes-meta">
{{ with $semester }}<span class="uninotes-meta__pill">{{ . }}</span>{{ end }} {{ with $semester }}<span class="uninotes-meta__pill">{{ . }}</span>{{ end }}
{{ with $subjectcode }}<span class="uninotes-meta__pill">{{ . }}</span>{{ end }} {{ with $subjectcode }}<span class="uninotes-meta__pill">{{ . }}</span>{{ end }}
{{ with .Params.notecategory }}
<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--{{ . | lower }}">{{ . }}</span>
{{ end }}
</div> </div>
<h1>{{ .Params.unit | default .Title }}</h1> <h1>{{ .Params.unit | default .Title }}</h1>
@@ -46,25 +50,34 @@
{{ partial "page/terms.html" (dict "taxonomy" "tags" "page" .) }} {{ partial "page/terms.html" (dict "taxonomy" "tags" "page" .) }}
{{ partial "page/terms.html" (dict "taxonomy" "categories" "page" .) }} {{ partial "page/terms.html" (dict "taxonomy" "categories" "page" .) }}
{{/* Next/prev among sibling units in the same subjectcode */}} {{/* Next/prev among sibling UNITS in the same subjectcode — deduplicated by unit label */}}
{{ if $subjectcode }} {{ if $subjectcode }}
{{ $subPage := site.GetPage (printf "/subjectcode/%s" ($subjectcode | urlize)) }} {{ $subPage := site.GetPage (printf "/subjectcode/%s" ($subjectcode | urlize)) }}
{{ if $subPage }} {{ if $subPage }}
{{ $siblings := $subPage.Pages.ByWeight }} {{/* Build a deduplicated list of units: one entry per unit label, using the Self page as representative */}}
{{ $currentPermalink := .RelPermalink }} {{ $unitMap := slice }}
{{ $currentIdx := 0 }} {{ $seenUnits := slice }}
{{ range $i, $p := $siblings }} {{ range $subPage.Pages.ByWeight }}
{{ if eq $p.RelPermalink $currentPermalink }}{{ $currentIdx = $i }}{{ end }} {{ $unitLabel := (.Params.unit | default .Title) }}
{{ if not (in $seenUnits $unitLabel) }}
{{ $seenUnits = $seenUnits | append $unitLabel }}
{{ $unitMap = $unitMap | append . }}
{{ end }} {{ end }}
{{ if gt (len $siblings) 1 }} {{ end }}
{{ $currentUnit := (.Params.unit | default .Title) }}
{{ $currentIdx := 0 }}
{{ range $i, $p := $unitMap }}
{{ if eq ($p.Params.unit | default $p.Title) $currentUnit }}{{ $currentIdx = $i }}{{ end }}
{{ end }}
{{ if gt (len $unitMap) 1 }}
<nav class="page-nav"> <nav class="page-nav">
{{ if gt $currentIdx 0 }} {{ if gt $currentIdx 0 }}
{{ $prev := index $siblings (sub $currentIdx 1) }} {{ $prev := index $unitMap (sub $currentIdx 1) }}
<a class="page-nav__previous-link" href="{{ $prev.RelPermalink }}">← {{ $prev.Params.unit | default $prev.Title }}</a> <a class="page-nav__previous-link" href="{{ $prev.Params.uniturl }}">← {{ $prev.Params.unit | default $prev.Title }}</a>
{{ end }} {{ end }}
{{ if lt $currentIdx (sub (len $siblings) 1) }} {{ if lt $currentIdx (sub (len $unitMap) 1) }}
{{ $next := index $siblings (add $currentIdx 1) }} {{ $next := index $unitMap (add $currentIdx 1) }}
<a class="page-nav__next-link" href="{{ $next.RelPermalink }}">{{ $next.Params.unit | default $next.Title }} →</a> <a class="page-nav__next-link" href="{{ $next.Params.uniturl }}">{{ $next.Params.unit | default $next.Title }} →</a>
{{ end }} {{ end }}
</nav> </nav>
{{ end }} {{ end }}

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@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
{{ define "main" }}
{{/* Get semester and subjectcode from child pages since _index.md doesn't carry taxonomy params */}}
{{ $semester := "" }}
{{ $subjectcode := "" }}
{{ range .Pages }}
{{ if eq $semester "" }}
{{ $raw := .Params.semester }}
{{ $semester = cond (reflect.IsSlice $raw) (index $raw 0) $raw }}
{{ end }}
{{ if eq $subjectcode "" }}
{{ $raw := .Params.subjectcode }}
{{ $subjectcode = cond (reflect.IsSlice $raw) (index $raw 0) $raw }}
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
<nav class="uninotes-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs">
<a href="/uninotes/">UniNotes</a>
{{ if $semester }}
{{ $semPage := site.GetPage (printf "/semester/%s" ($semester | urlize)) }}
{{ if $semPage }}
<a href="{{ $semPage.RelPermalink }}">{{ $semester }}</a>
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
{{ if $subjectcode }}
{{ $subPage := site.GetPage (printf "/subjectcode/%s" ($subjectcode | urlize)) }}
{{ if $subPage }}
<a href="{{ $subPage.RelPermalink }}">{{ $subjectcode }}</a>
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
<span>{{ .Params.unit | default .Title }}</span>
</nav>
<div class="uninotes-meta">
{{ with $semester }}<span class="uninotes-meta__pill">{{ . }}</span>{{ end }}
{{ with $subjectcode }}<span class="uninotes-meta__pill">{{ . }}</span>{{ end }}
</div>
<h1>{{ .Params.unit | default .Title }}</h1>
<p class="unit-choice__subtitle">Choose type:</p>
{{/* Check if self/live pages exist */}}
{{ $hasSelf := false }}
{{ $hasLive := false }}
{{ range .Pages }}
{{ if eq (lower .Params.notecategory) "self" }}{{ $hasSelf = true }}{{ end }}
{{ if eq (lower .Params.notecategory) "live" }}{{ $hasLive = true }}{{ end }}
{{ end }}
<div class="unit-choice__options">
{{ if $hasSelf }}
<a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href="{{ .RelPermalink }}self/">
{{ else }}
<div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self unit-choice__card--unavailable">
{{ end }}
<div class="unit-choice__icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor">
<path d="M12 3L1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="unit-choice__label">Self</div>
<div class="unit-choice__desc">
{{ if $hasSelf }}Self-study notes
{{ else }}Not available{{ end }}
</div>
{{ if $hasSelf }}</a>{{ else }}</div>{{ end }}
{{ if $hasLive }}
<a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live" href="{{ .RelPermalink }}live/">
{{ else }}
<div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live unit-choice__card--unavailable">
{{ end }}
<div class="unit-choice__icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor">
<path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="unit-choice__label">Live</div>
<div class="unit-choice__desc">
{{ if $hasLive }}Live class notes
{{ else }}Not available{{ end }}
</div>
{{ if $hasLive }}</a>{{ else }}</div>{{ end }}
</div>
{{ end }}

View File

@@ -659,3 +659,94 @@
display: none !important; display: none !important;
} }
} }
/* ── Unit Choice Page (Self / Live) ─────────────────────────────────────── */
.unit-choice__subtitle {
color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.unit-choice__options {
display: flex;
gap: 1.2rem;
flex-wrap: wrap;
margin-top: 1rem;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.unit-choice__card {
flex: 1;
min-width: 180px;
max-width: 260px;
border: 2px solid var(--accent-color);
border-radius: 12px;
padding: 1.75rem 1.5rem;
text-decoration: none;
color: var(--foreground-color);
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
gap: 0.6rem;
transition: background 0.18s ease, color 0.18s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
text-align: center;
cursor: pointer;
}
.unit-choice__card:hover {
background: var(--accent-color);
color: var(--background-color, #fff);
transform: translateY(-2px);
text-decoration: none;
}
.unit-choice__card--live {
border-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
opacity: 0.7;
}
.unit-choice__card--live:hover {
background: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
border-color: var(--foreground-color3, #888);
color: var(--background-color, #fff);
}
.unit-choice__icon {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}
.unit-choice__label {
font-size: 1.25rem;
font-weight: 700;
letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.unit-choice__desc {
font-size: 0.8rem;
opacity: 0.72;
line-height: 1.45;
}
/* notecategory pill colour */
.uninotes-meta__pill--self {
border-color: var(--accent-color);
color: var(--accent-color);
}
.uninotes-meta__pill--live {
border-color: var(--accent-color);
color: var(--accent-color);
}
.unit-choice__card--unavailable {
cursor: not-allowed;
opacity: 0.45;
}
.unit-choice__card--unavailable:hover {
transform: none;
}