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Add: ET unit-5 self
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hyzen
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title: "Changelog"
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title: "Changelog"
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---
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---
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## [2026-05-01]
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- Added UniNote ET DCM1107 Uni5 Self.
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## [2026-04-20]
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## [2026-04-20]
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- Added UniNote PBM DCM1110 Uni4 Self.
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- Added UniNote PBM DCM1110 Uni4 Self.
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content/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit5/_index.md
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content/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit5/_index.md
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draft = false
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title = 'Unit 5'
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unit = 'Unit 5'
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layout = 'unit-choice'
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url = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/'
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content/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit5/self.md
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content/uninotes/et-dcm1107-unit5/self.md
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draft = false
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semester = ['S1']
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subjectcode = ['ET DCM1107']
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unit = 'Unit 5'
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notecategory = 'Self'
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title = 'Unit 5'
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toc = true
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url = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/self/'
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uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/'
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### ***May 01, 2026***
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## Explicit Cost
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Explicit costs are direct, out-of-pocket payments that a business or individual makes for the use of resources or services. These costs are tangible, measurable, and recorded in accounting books, including expenses like rent, utility bills, wages, raw materials, and interest on borrowed capital.
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## Implicit Cost
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Implicit costs are not directly paid out or recorded in financial statements, but represent the opportunity costs of using resources owned by the firm or individual. Examples include the forgone salary if an entrepreneur works in their own business instead of being employed elsewhere, or the interest income sacrificed by investing personal funds in the business rather than elsewhere.
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## Ecnonomic Profit
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Economic Profit = Total Revenue − (Explicit Costs + Implicit Costs)
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## Short Run Costs
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The short run refers to a time period in which at least one factor of production (such as capital, plant size, or equipment) is fixed and cannot be easily altered. During this period, firms face two types of costs:
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* Fixed Costs (FC): These are expenses that do not change with output—such as factory rent, salaried staff, or depreciation of machinery. They remain constant regardless of the level of production.
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* Variable Costs (VC): These costs fluctuate with the level of output produced, including raw materials, hourly wages, energy, and packaging. As output increases, variable costs rise; as output falls, they decline.
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Total Cost (TC) = Fixed Cost (FC) + Variable Cost (VC)
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## Different types of Cost
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A) Real Cost
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B) Economic Cost
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C) Accounting Cost
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D) Social Cost
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E) Private Cost
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F) Opportunity Cost
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G) External Cost
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H) Replacement Cost
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## Cost Function
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𝐶 = 𝐹 + 𝑉(𝑄)
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where F is the fixed cost, and V(Q) is the variable cost depending on the output level Q
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## Total Cost
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TC = Total Fixed Cost (TFC) + Total Variable Cost (TVC)
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## Average Cost
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AC = TC / Quantity (Q)
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## Marginal Cost
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TC = Change in Total Cost / Change in Quantity
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<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Changelog | Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content=" [2026-04-20] # Added UniNote PBM DCM1110 Uni4 Self. [2026-04-15] # Added UniNote PBM DCM1110 Uni3 Self. [2026-04-15] # Added UniNote BO DCM1109 Uni3 Self. [2026-04-14] # Changelog page. Removed year from footer copyright. “Contents” style UniNotes page. "><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/changelog/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Changelog"><meta property="og:description" content="[2026-04-20] # Added UniNote PBM DCM1110 Uni4 Self. [2026-04-15] # Added UniNote PBM DCM1110 Uni3 Self. [2026-04-15] # Added UniNote BO DCM1109 Uni3 Self. [2026-04-14] # Changelog page. Removed year from footer copyright. “Contents” style UniNotes page."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Changelog"><meta itemprop=description content="[2026-04-20] # Added UniNote PBM DCM1110 Uni4 Self. [2026-04-15] # Added UniNote PBM DCM1110 Uni3 Self. [2026-04-15] # Added UniNote BO DCM1109 Uni3 Self. [2026-04-14] # Changelog page. Removed year from footer copyright. “Contents” style UniNotes page."><meta itemprop=wordCount content="37"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/changelog/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
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<svg class="theme-toggle__sun" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 7c-2.76.0-5 2.24-5 5s2.24 5 5 5 5-2.24 5-5-2.24-5-5-5zM2 13h2c.55.0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1H2c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1zm18 0h2c.55.0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1h-2c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1zM11 2v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1V2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1zm0 18v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1zM5.99 4.58c-.39-.39-1.03-.39-1.41.0-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41l1.06 1.06c.39.39 1.03.39 1.41.0s.39-1.03.0-1.41L5.99 4.58zm12.37 12.37c-.39-.39-1.03-.39-1.41.0-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41l1.06 1.06c.39.39 1.03.39 1.41.0.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41l-1.06-1.06zm1.06-12.37-1.06 1.06c-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41s1.03.39 1.41.0l1.06-1.06c.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41s-1.03-.39-1.41.0zM7.05 18.36l-1.06 1.06c-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41s1.03.39 1.41.0l1.06-1.06c.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41s-1.03-.39-1.41.0z"/></svg>
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Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu__list language__list"><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/>Home</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/blog/>Blog</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/services/>Services</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/uninotes/>UniNotes</a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=/contact/>Contact</a></li></ul></nav></header><main class=main><h1>Changelog</h1><h2 class=heading id=2026-04-20>[2026-04-20]<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#2026-04-20>#</a></span></h2><ul><li>Added UniNote PBM DCM1110 Uni4 Self.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=2026-04-15>[2026-04-15]<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#2026-04-15>#</a></span></h2><ul><li>Added UniNote PBM DCM1110 Uni3 Self.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=2026-04-15-1>[2026-04-15]<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#2026-04-15-1>#</a></span></h2><ul><li>Added UniNote BO DCM1109 Uni3 Self.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=2026-04-14>[2026-04-14]<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#2026-04-14>#</a></span></h2><ul><li>Changelog page.</li><li>Removed year from footer copyright.</li><li>“Contents” style UniNotes page.</li></ul></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>© <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
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/*
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Styles are mobile-first. Desktop styles are wrapped in media queries.
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Naming convention: BEM (Block, Element, Modifier). When it's difficult to add classes, I will use tag names.
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*/
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*,
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*::before,
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list-style-type: none;
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padding-inline-start: 0; }
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ul:has(> li > input[type="checkbox"]) {
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list-style-type: none;
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padding-inline-start: 1em; }
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blockquote {
|
|
||||||
margin: 0; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.body {
|
|
||||||
margin-left: 16px;
|
|
||||||
margin-right: 16px; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@media (min-width: 800px) {
|
|
||||||
.body {
|
|
||||||
width: 768px;
|
|
||||||
margin-left: auto;
|
|
||||||
margin-right: auto; } }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:root {
|
|
||||||
--background-color: #171414;
|
|
||||||
--background-color1: #fff;
|
|
||||||
--foreground-color: #e3e1db;
|
|
||||||
--foreground-color3: #ccc3b3;
|
|
||||||
--accent-color: #fff; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
|
|
||||||
:root {
|
|
||||||
--background-color: #fbf1c7;
|
|
||||||
--background-color1: #ebdbb2;
|
|
||||||
--foreground-color: #3c3836;
|
|
||||||
--foreground-color3: #665c54;
|
|
||||||
--accent-color: #af3a03; } }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.body {
|
|
||||||
background-color: var(--background-color);
|
|
||||||
color: var(--foreground-color); }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
h1,
|
|
||||||
h2,
|
|
||||||
h3,
|
|
||||||
h4,
|
|
||||||
h5,
|
|
||||||
h6 {
|
|
||||||
color: var(--foreground-color); }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
a {
|
|
||||||
color: var(--accent-color); }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.header {
|
|
||||||
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--background-color1); }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.brand {
|
|
||||||
display: flex;
|
|
||||||
align-items: center;
|
|
||||||
gap: 6.9px;
|
|
||||||
margin-bottom: -18px; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.brand img {
|
|
||||||
height: 37px;
|
|
||||||
padding: 0px; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.footer {
|
|
||||||
border-top: 1px solid var(--background-color1); }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
blockquote {
|
|
||||||
background-color: var(--background-color1); }
|
|
||||||
[dir=rtl] blockquote {
|
|
||||||
border-right: 0.5rem solid var(--accent-color); }
|
|
||||||
[dir=ltr] blockquote {
|
|
||||||
border-left: 0.5rem solid var(--accent-color); }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:not(pre) > code {
|
|
||||||
background-color: var(--background-color1); }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
hr {
|
|
||||||
background: var(--background-color1); }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
table {
|
|
||||||
background-color: var(--background-color1); }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
td,
|
|
||||||
th {
|
|
||||||
border: 1px solid var(--background-color); }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
figcaption {
|
|
||||||
color: var(--foreground-color3); }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* Background */
|
|
||||||
.bg {
|
|
||||||
color: #3c3836;
|
|
||||||
background-color: #fbf1c7; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* PreWrapper */
|
|
||||||
.chroma {
|
|
||||||
color: #3c3836;
|
|
||||||
background-color: #fbf1c7; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* Other */
|
|
||||||
/* Error */
|
|
||||||
/* CodeLine */
|
|
||||||
/* LineLink */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .lnlinks {
|
|
||||||
outline: none;
|
|
||||||
text-decoration: none;
|
|
||||||
color: inherit; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LineTableTD */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .lntd {
|
|
||||||
vertical-align: top;
|
|
||||||
padding: 0;
|
|
||||||
margin: 0;
|
|
||||||
border: 0; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LineTable */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .lntable {
|
|
||||||
border-spacing: 0;
|
|
||||||
padding: 0;
|
|
||||||
margin: 0;
|
|
||||||
border: 0; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LineHighlight */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .hl {
|
|
||||||
background-color: #e1d8b3; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LineNumbersTable */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .lnt {
|
|
||||||
white-space: pre;
|
|
||||||
-webkit-user-select: none;
|
|
||||||
user-select: none;
|
|
||||||
margin-right: 0.4em;
|
|
||||||
padding: 0 0.4em 0 0.4em;
|
|
||||||
color: #9d9b9a; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LineNumbers */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ln {
|
|
||||||
white-space: pre;
|
|
||||||
-webkit-user-select: none;
|
|
||||||
user-select: none;
|
|
||||||
margin-right: 0.4em;
|
|
||||||
padding: 0 0.4em 0 0.4em;
|
|
||||||
color: #9d9b9a; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* Line */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .line {
|
|
||||||
display: flex; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* Keyword */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .k {
|
|
||||||
color: #af3a03; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* KeywordConstant */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .kc {
|
|
||||||
color: #af3a03; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* KeywordDeclaration */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .kd {
|
|
||||||
color: #af3a03; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* KeywordNamespace */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .kn {
|
|
||||||
color: #af3a03; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* KeywordPseudo */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .kp {
|
|
||||||
color: #af3a03; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* KeywordReserved */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .kr {
|
|
||||||
color: #af3a03; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* KeywordType */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .kt {
|
|
||||||
color: #b57614; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* Name */
|
|
||||||
/* NameAttribute */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .na {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e;
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bold; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* NameBuiltin */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .nb {
|
|
||||||
color: #b57614; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* NameBuiltinPseudo */
|
|
||||||
/* NameClass */
|
|
||||||
/* NameConstant */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .no {
|
|
||||||
color: #d3869b; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* NameDecorator */
|
|
||||||
/* NameEntity */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ni {
|
|
||||||
color: #b57614; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* NameException */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ne {
|
|
||||||
color: #fb4934; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* NameFunction */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .nf {
|
|
||||||
color: #b57614; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* NameFunctionMagic */
|
|
||||||
/* NameLabel */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .nl {
|
|
||||||
color: #9d0006; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* NameNamespace */
|
|
||||||
/* NameOther */
|
|
||||||
/* NameProperty */
|
|
||||||
/* NameTag */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .nt {
|
|
||||||
color: #9d0006; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* NameVariable */
|
|
||||||
/* NameVariableClass */
|
|
||||||
/* NameVariableGlobal */
|
|
||||||
/* NameVariableInstance */
|
|
||||||
/* NameVariableMagic */
|
|
||||||
/* Literal */
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralDate */
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralString */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .s {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringAffix */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sa {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringBacktick */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sb {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringChar */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sc {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringDelimiter */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .dl {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringDoc */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sd {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringDouble */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .s2 {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringEscape */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .se {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringHeredoc */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sh {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringInterpol */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .si {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringOther */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sx {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringRegex */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sr {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringSingle */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .s1 {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringSymbol */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ss {
|
|
||||||
color: #076678; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumber */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .m {
|
|
||||||
color: #8f3f71; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumberBin */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .mb {
|
|
||||||
color: #8f3f71; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumberFloat */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .mf {
|
|
||||||
color: #8f3f71; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumberHex */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .mh {
|
|
||||||
color: #8f3f71; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumberInteger */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .mi {
|
|
||||||
color: #8f3f71; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumberIntegerLong */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .il {
|
|
||||||
color: #8f3f71; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumberOct */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .mo {
|
|
||||||
color: #8f3f71; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* Operator */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .o {
|
|
||||||
color: #af3a03; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* OperatorWord */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ow {
|
|
||||||
color: #af3a03; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* Punctuation */
|
|
||||||
/* Comment */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .c {
|
|
||||||
color: #928374;
|
|
||||||
font-style: italic; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* CommentHashbang */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ch {
|
|
||||||
color: #928374;
|
|
||||||
font-style: italic; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* CommentMultiline */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .cm {
|
|
||||||
color: #928374;
|
|
||||||
font-style: italic; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* CommentSingle */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .c1 {
|
|
||||||
color: #928374;
|
|
||||||
font-style: italic; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* CommentSpecial */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .cs {
|
|
||||||
color: #928374;
|
|
||||||
font-style: italic; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* CommentPreproc */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .cp {
|
|
||||||
color: #427b58; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* CommentPreprocFile */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .cpf {
|
|
||||||
color: #427b58;
|
|
||||||
font-style: italic; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* Generic */
|
|
||||||
/* GenericDeleted */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .gd {
|
|
||||||
color: #282828;
|
|
||||||
background-color: #9d0006; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* GenericEmph */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ge {
|
|
||||||
color: #076678;
|
|
||||||
text-decoration: underline; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* GenericError */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .gr {
|
|
||||||
background-color: #9d0006;
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bold; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* GenericHeading */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .gh {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e;
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bold; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* GenericInserted */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .gi {
|
|
||||||
color: #282828;
|
|
||||||
background-color: #79740e; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* GenericOutput */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .go {
|
|
||||||
color: #504945; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* GenericPrompt */
|
|
||||||
/* GenericStrong */
|
|
||||||
/* GenericSubheading */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .gu {
|
|
||||||
color: #79740e;
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bold; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* GenericTraceback */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .gt {
|
|
||||||
background-color: #3c3836;
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bold; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/* GenericUnderline */
|
|
||||||
/* TextWhitespace */
|
|
||||||
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
|
|
||||||
/* Background */
|
|
||||||
.bg {
|
|
||||||
color: #ebdbb2;
|
|
||||||
background-color: #282828; }
|
|
||||||
/* PreWrapper */
|
|
||||||
.chroma {
|
|
||||||
color: #ebdbb2;
|
|
||||||
background-color: #282828; }
|
|
||||||
/* Other */
|
|
||||||
/* Error */
|
|
||||||
/* CodeLine */
|
|
||||||
/* LineLink */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .lnlinks {
|
|
||||||
outline: none;
|
|
||||||
text-decoration: none;
|
|
||||||
color: inherit; }
|
|
||||||
/* LineTableTD */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .lntd {
|
|
||||||
vertical-align: top;
|
|
||||||
padding: 0;
|
|
||||||
margin: 0;
|
|
||||||
border: 0; }
|
|
||||||
/* LineTable */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .lntable {
|
|
||||||
border-spacing: 0;
|
|
||||||
padding: 0;
|
|
||||||
margin: 0;
|
|
||||||
border: 0; }
|
|
||||||
/* LineHighlight */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .hl {
|
|
||||||
background-color: #3d3d3d; }
|
|
||||||
/* LineNumbersTable */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .lnt {
|
|
||||||
white-space: pre;
|
|
||||||
-webkit-user-select: none;
|
|
||||||
user-select: none;
|
|
||||||
margin-right: 0.4em;
|
|
||||||
padding: 0 0.4em 0 0.4em;
|
|
||||||
color: #756d59; }
|
|
||||||
/* LineNumbers */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ln {
|
|
||||||
white-space: pre;
|
|
||||||
-webkit-user-select: none;
|
|
||||||
user-select: none;
|
|
||||||
margin-right: 0.4em;
|
|
||||||
padding: 0 0.4em 0 0.4em;
|
|
||||||
color: #756d59; }
|
|
||||||
/* Line */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .line {
|
|
||||||
display: flex; }
|
|
||||||
/* Keyword */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .k {
|
|
||||||
color: #fe8019; }
|
|
||||||
/* KeywordConstant */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .kc {
|
|
||||||
color: #fe8019; }
|
|
||||||
/* KeywordDeclaration */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .kd {
|
|
||||||
color: #fe8019; }
|
|
||||||
/* KeywordNamespace */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .kn {
|
|
||||||
color: #fe8019; }
|
|
||||||
/* KeywordPseudo */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .kp {
|
|
||||||
color: #fe8019; }
|
|
||||||
/* KeywordReserved */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .kr {
|
|
||||||
color: #fe8019; }
|
|
||||||
/* KeywordType */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .kt {
|
|
||||||
color: #fabd2f; }
|
|
||||||
/* Name */
|
|
||||||
/* NameAttribute */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .na {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26;
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bold; }
|
|
||||||
/* NameBuiltin */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .nb {
|
|
||||||
color: #fabd2f; }
|
|
||||||
/* NameBuiltinPseudo */
|
|
||||||
/* NameClass */
|
|
||||||
/* NameConstant */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .no {
|
|
||||||
color: #d3869b; }
|
|
||||||
/* NameDecorator */
|
|
||||||
/* NameEntity */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ni {
|
|
||||||
color: #fabd2f; }
|
|
||||||
/* NameException */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ne {
|
|
||||||
color: #fb4934; }
|
|
||||||
/* NameFunction */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .nf {
|
|
||||||
color: #fabd2f; }
|
|
||||||
/* NameFunctionMagic */
|
|
||||||
/* NameLabel */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .nl {
|
|
||||||
color: #fb4934; }
|
|
||||||
/* NameNamespace */
|
|
||||||
/* NameOther */
|
|
||||||
/* NameProperty */
|
|
||||||
/* NameTag */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .nt {
|
|
||||||
color: #fb4934; }
|
|
||||||
/* NameVariable */
|
|
||||||
/* NameVariableClass */
|
|
||||||
/* NameVariableGlobal */
|
|
||||||
/* NameVariableInstance */
|
|
||||||
/* NameVariableMagic */
|
|
||||||
/* Literal */
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralDate */
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralString */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .s {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringAffix */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sa {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringBacktick */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sb {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringChar */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sc {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringDelimiter */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .dl {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringDoc */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sd {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringDouble */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .s2 {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringEscape */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .se {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringHeredoc */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sh {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringInterpol */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .si {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringOther */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sx {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringRegex */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .sr {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringSingle */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .s1 {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralStringSymbol */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ss {
|
|
||||||
color: #83a598; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumber */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .m {
|
|
||||||
color: #d3869b; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumberBin */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .mb {
|
|
||||||
color: #d3869b; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumberFloat */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .mf {
|
|
||||||
color: #d3869b; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumberHex */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .mh {
|
|
||||||
color: #d3869b; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumberInteger */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .mi {
|
|
||||||
color: #d3869b; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumberIntegerLong */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .il {
|
|
||||||
color: #d3869b; }
|
|
||||||
/* LiteralNumberOct */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .mo {
|
|
||||||
color: #d3869b; }
|
|
||||||
/* Operator */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .o {
|
|
||||||
color: #fe8019; }
|
|
||||||
/* OperatorWord */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ow {
|
|
||||||
color: #fe8019; }
|
|
||||||
/* Punctuation */
|
|
||||||
/* Comment */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .c {
|
|
||||||
color: #928374;
|
|
||||||
font-style: italic; }
|
|
||||||
/* CommentHashbang */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ch {
|
|
||||||
color: #928374;
|
|
||||||
font-style: italic; }
|
|
||||||
/* CommentMultiline */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .cm {
|
|
||||||
color: #928374;
|
|
||||||
font-style: italic; }
|
|
||||||
/* CommentSingle */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .c1 {
|
|
||||||
color: #928374;
|
|
||||||
font-style: italic; }
|
|
||||||
/* CommentSpecial */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .cs {
|
|
||||||
color: #928374;
|
|
||||||
font-style: italic; }
|
|
||||||
/* CommentPreproc */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .cp {
|
|
||||||
color: #8ec07c; }
|
|
||||||
/* CommentPreprocFile */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .cpf {
|
|
||||||
color: #8ec07c;
|
|
||||||
font-style: italic; }
|
|
||||||
/* Generic */
|
|
||||||
/* GenericDeleted */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .gd {
|
|
||||||
color: #282828;
|
|
||||||
background-color: #fb4934; }
|
|
||||||
/* GenericEmph */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .ge {
|
|
||||||
color: #83a598;
|
|
||||||
text-decoration: underline; }
|
|
||||||
/* GenericError */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .gr {
|
|
||||||
background-color: #fb4934;
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bold; }
|
|
||||||
/* GenericHeading */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .gh {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26;
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bold; }
|
|
||||||
/* GenericInserted */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .gi {
|
|
||||||
color: #282828;
|
|
||||||
background-color: #b8bb26; }
|
|
||||||
/* GenericOutput */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .go {
|
|
||||||
color: #504945; }
|
|
||||||
/* GenericPrompt */
|
|
||||||
/* GenericStrong */
|
|
||||||
/* GenericSubheading */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .gu {
|
|
||||||
color: #b8bb26;
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bold; }
|
|
||||||
/* GenericTraceback */
|
|
||||||
.chroma .gt {
|
|
||||||
background-color: #fb4934;
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bold; }
|
|
||||||
/* GenericUnderline */
|
|
||||||
/* TextWhitespace */ }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
pre:not(.chroma),
|
|
||||||
.bg,
|
|
||||||
.chroma,
|
|
||||||
.highlight {
|
|
||||||
background-color: var(--background-color1); }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.html {
|
|
||||||
font-size: 18px; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.body {
|
|
||||||
font-family: sans-serif;
|
|
||||||
line-height: 1.5; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
p,
|
|
||||||
ul,
|
|
||||||
ol,
|
|
||||||
h1,
|
|
||||||
h2,
|
|
||||||
h3,
|
|
||||||
h4,
|
|
||||||
h5,
|
|
||||||
h6 {
|
|
||||||
overflow-wrap: break-word; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.toc {
|
|
||||||
margin-block: 1rem; }
|
|
||||||
.toc__summary {
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bolder;
|
|
||||||
cursor: pointer; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
blockquote {
|
|
||||||
padding: 0.5rem; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
hr {
|
|
||||||
border: none;
|
|
||||||
height: 1px; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
figure {
|
|
||||||
margin-inline: 0; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.heading__anchor {
|
|
||||||
display: none; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.heading:hover > .heading__anchor {
|
|
||||||
display: inline; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.table-wrapper {
|
|
||||||
overflow-x: auto;
|
|
||||||
margin-block: 1rem; }
|
|
||||||
.table-wrapper > table {
|
|
||||||
word-break: keep-all;
|
|
||||||
border-collapse: collapse; }
|
|
||||||
.table-wrapper > table td,
|
|
||||||
.table-wrapper > table th {
|
|
||||||
padding: 0.5rem;
|
|
||||||
text-align: start; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
svg,
|
|
||||||
img,
|
|
||||||
video,
|
|
||||||
iframe {
|
|
||||||
max-width: 100%; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.menu__list {
|
|
||||||
display: flex;
|
|
||||||
flex-direction: row;
|
|
||||||
gap: 0.5rem;
|
|
||||||
flex-wrap: wrap; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.menu__link--active {
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bolder; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.pagination {
|
|
||||||
display: flex;
|
|
||||||
gap: 1rem; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.page-item.active {
|
|
||||||
font-weight: bolder; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.page-nav {
|
|
||||||
display: flex;
|
|
||||||
flex-direction: column;
|
|
||||||
margin-block: 1rem; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.section-post-title,
|
|
||||||
.term-post-title {
|
|
||||||
margin-block-start: 0; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.home-post-title {
|
|
||||||
margin-block-end: 0; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.summary {
|
|
||||||
margin-block-start: 0; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:not(pre) > code {
|
|
||||||
padding-inline: 0.25rem; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
div.highlight {
|
|
||||||
overflow-x: auto;
|
|
||||||
margin-block: 1rem; }
|
|
||||||
div.highlight > div.chroma > table.lntable {
|
|
||||||
padding-inline-end: 0.4rem; }
|
|
||||||
div.highlight > pre.chroma {
|
|
||||||
padding-inline: 0.4rem; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
pre:not(.chroma) {
|
|
||||||
overflow-x: auto;
|
|
||||||
padding-block: 1rem;
|
|
||||||
padding-inline: 0.4rem; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
pre {
|
|
||||||
font-size: 0.875rem; }
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.footer {
|
|
||||||
font-size: smaller; }
|
|
||||||
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||||||
<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.160.1"><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Home"><meta property="og:description" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Home"><meta itemprop=description content="Freedoms4"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00"><meta itemprop=wordCount content="197"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
|
<!doctype html><html class=html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.161.1"><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width"><title>Freedoms4</title><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/style.min.34d0accb85f8ec23ceee8c29eef5907823b531d8acb9e6bdf45a3b37ad028d30.css integrity="sha256-NNCsy4X47CPO7owp7vWQeCO1Mdisuea99Fo7N60CjTA=" crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=icon href=/favicon.ico><meta name=description content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:url" content="https://freedoms4.org/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:title" content="Home"><meta property="og:description" content="Freedoms4"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_us"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta itemprop=name content="Home"><meta itemprop=description content="Freedoms4"><meta itemprop=datePublished content="2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00"><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00"><meta itemprop=wordCount content="197"><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=/index.xml title=Freedoms4><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/custom.css><script>(function(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e)})()</script></head><body class=body><header class=header><div class=brand><img src=/logo.png alt="Freedoms4 logo"><h1>Freedoms4</h1><div class=brand__actions><button class=theme-toggle id=theme-toggle aria-label="Toggle theme" title="Toggle dark/light mode">
|
||||||
<svg class="theme-toggle__sun" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 7c-2.76.0-5 2.24-5 5s2.24 5 5 5 5-2.24 5-5-2.24-5-5-5zM2 13h2c.55.0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1H2c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1zm18 0h2c.55.0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1h-2c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1zM11 2v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1V2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1zm0 18v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1zM5.99 4.58c-.39-.39-1.03-.39-1.41.0-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41l1.06 1.06c.39.39 1.03.39 1.41.0s.39-1.03.0-1.41L5.99 4.58zm12.37 12.37c-.39-.39-1.03-.39-1.41.0-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41l1.06 1.06c.39.39 1.03.39 1.41.0.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41l-1.06-1.06zm1.06-12.37-1.06 1.06c-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41s1.03.39 1.41.0l1.06-1.06c.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41s-1.03-.39-1.41.0zM7.05 18.36l-1.06 1.06c-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41s1.03.39 1.41.0l1.06-1.06c.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41s-1.03-.39-1.41.0z"/></svg>
|
<svg class="theme-toggle__sun" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 7c-2.76.0-5 2.24-5 5s2.24 5 5 5 5-2.24 5-5-2.24-5-5-5zM2 13h2c.55.0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1H2c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1zm18 0h2c.55.0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1h-2c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1zM11 2v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1V2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1zm0 18v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1zM5.99 4.58c-.39-.39-1.03-.39-1.41.0-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41l1.06 1.06c.39.39 1.03.39 1.41.0s.39-1.03.0-1.41L5.99 4.58zm12.37 12.37c-.39-.39-1.03-.39-1.41.0-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41l1.06 1.06c.39.39 1.03.39 1.41.0.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41l-1.06-1.06zm1.06-12.37-1.06 1.06c-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41s1.03.39 1.41.0l1.06-1.06c.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41s-1.03-.39-1.41.0zM7.05 18.36l-1.06 1.06c-.39.39-.39 1.03.0 1.41s1.03.39 1.41.0l1.06-1.06c.39-.39.39-1.03.0-1.41s-1.03-.39-1.41.0z"/></svg>
|
||||||
<svg class="theme-toggle__moon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor"><path d="M21 12.79A9 9 0 1111.21 3 7 7 0 0021 12.79z"/></svg></button><div class="brand__auth brand__auth--desktop"><input type=checkbox id=auth-dropdown class=brand__auth-check>
|
<svg class="theme-toggle__moon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor"><path d="M21 12.79A9 9 0 1111.21 3 7 7 0 0021 12.79z"/></svg></button><div class="brand__auth brand__auth--desktop"><input type=checkbox id=auth-dropdown class=brand__auth-check>
|
||||||
<label class=brand__auth-toggle for=auth-dropdown tabindex=0 aria-label="Account options"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 12c2.7.0 4.8-2.1 4.8-4.8S14.7 2.4 12 2.4 7.2 4.5 7.2 7.2 9.3 12 12 12zm0 2.4c-3.2.0-9.6 1.6-9.6 4.8v2.4h19.2v-2.4c0-3.2-6.4-4.8-9.6-4.8z"/></svg></label><div class=brand__auth-links><a href=/login/ class="auth-link auth-link--login">Login</a>
|
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@@ -348,4 +348,11 @@ purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Found
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</ol>
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</ol>
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||||||
<h3 class="heading" id="b-behavioral-approach">
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<h3 class="heading" id="b-behavioral-approach">
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||||||
B) Behavioral Approach<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#b-behavioral-approach">#</a></span>
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B) Behavioral Approach<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#b-behavioral-approach">#</a></span>
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</h3><p>This approach focuses on understanding how individuals think, feel, and behave within organisational settings. Drawing insights from disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics, it emphasises the importance of studying human behaviour scientifically to develop effective management practices.</p></description></item><item><title>XMPP Account</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</guid><description><p>Send your desired username to <a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org">hyzen@freedoms4.org</a> via Email (or via XMPP if already have an XMPP account). Account creation can take upto 24 hours.</p></description></item></channel></rss>
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</h3><p>This approach focuses on understanding how individuals think, feel, and behave within organisational settings. Drawing insights from disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics, it emphasises the importance of studying human behaviour scientifically to develop effective management practices.</p></description></item><item><title>Unit 5</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/self/</guid><description><h3 class="heading" id="may-01-2026">
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<em><strong>May 01, 2026</strong></em><span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#may-01-2026">#</a></span>
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</h3><h2 class="heading" id="explicit-cost">
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||||||
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Explicit Cost<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#explicit-cost">#</a></span>
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||||||
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</h2><p>Explicit costs are direct, out-of-pocket payments that a business or individual makes for the use of resources or services. These costs are tangible, measurable, and recorded in accounting books, including expenses like rent, utility bills, wages, raw materials, and interest on borrowed capital.</p>
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<h2 class="heading" id="implicit-cost">
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||||||
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Implicit Cost<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#implicit-cost">#</a></span>
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||||||
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</h2><p>Implicit costs are not directly paid out or recorded in financial statements, but represent the opportunity costs of using resources owned by the firm or individual. Examples include the forgone salary if an entrepreneur works in their own business instead of being employed elsewhere, or the interest income sacrificed by investing personal funds in the business rather than elsewhere.</p></description></item><item><title>XMPP Account</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</guid><description><p>Send your desired username to <a href="mailto:hyzen@freedoms4.org">hyzen@freedoms4.org</a> via Email (or via XMPP if already have an XMPP account). Account creation can take upto 24 hours.</p></description></item></channel></rss>
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@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
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<a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
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<a href=/signup/ class=mobile-link>Sign Up</a>
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<a href=/semester/index.xml class="mobile-link mobile-link--subscribe"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.18 15.64a2.18 2.18.0 012.18 2.18c0 1.19-.98 2.18-2.18 2.18C4.98 20 4 19.01 4 17.82a2.18 2.18.0 012.18-2.18M4 4.44A15.56 15.56.0 0119.56 20h-2.83A12.73 12.73.0 004 7.27V4.44m0 5.66a9.9 9.9.0 019.9 9.9h-2.83A7.07 7.07.0 004 12.93V10.1z"/></svg>
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@@ -1 +1 @@
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/tags/academics/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/blog/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/categories/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/tags/education/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/categories/philosophy/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/tags/system/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/tags/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/blog/what-is-education/</loc><lastmod>2026-03-01T18:11:14+00:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-11T23:15:44+05:30</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/changelog/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/coming-soon/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/login/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/signup/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/contact/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/fa-dcm1108/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/services/file-share/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s2/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s3/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s4/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s5/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s6/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/semester/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/services/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/subjectcode/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/live/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/unit1/live/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/live/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit1/self/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit2/self/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit3/self/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit4/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit4/self/</loc></url><url><loc>https://freedoms4.org/services/xmpp-account/</loc></url></urlset>
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@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
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› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109 (3)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107 (2)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106 (1)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110 (5)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>© <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
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› <span>Categories</span></nav><h1><a href=/blog/ style=text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent-color)>All Posts</a> | Categories</h1><section class=term-list><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>BO DCM1109 (3)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107 (3)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106 (1)</a></h2><h2 class=term-list__item><a class=term-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110 (5)</a></h2></section></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>© <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
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<a class="uninotes-contents__cat uninotes-contents__cat--live" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/live/>Live</a></span></li><li class=uninotes-contents__unit><a class=uninotes-contents__unit-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/>Unit 5</a>
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› <span>ET DCM1107</span></nav><h1>ET DCM1107</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/>Unit 2</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>← BO DCM1109</a>
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› <span>ET DCM1107</span></nav><h1>ET DCM1107</h1><ul class="uninotes-list uninotes-list--units"><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>Unit 1</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit2/>Unit 2</a></li><li class=uninotes-list__item><a class=uninotes-list__link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/>Unit 5</a></li></ul><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/>← BO DCM1109</a>
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<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>© <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
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<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/ge-dcm1106/>GE DCM1106 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>© <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
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@@ -61,4 +61,11 @@ B) Status goods or Veblen goods.<br>
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C) Giffen goods.<br>
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D) War.<br>
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E) Economic depression.
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F) Essential goods.</p></description></item></channel></rss>
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F) Essential goods.</p></description></item><item><title>Unit 5</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/self/</guid><description><h3 class="heading" id="may-01-2026">
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<em><strong>May 01, 2026</strong></em><span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#may-01-2026">#</a></span>
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</h3><h2 class="heading" id="explicit-cost">
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Explicit Cost<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#explicit-cost">#</a></span>
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</h2><p>Explicit costs are direct, out-of-pocket payments that a business or individual makes for the use of resources or services. These costs are tangible, measurable, and recorded in accounting books, including expenses like rent, utility bills, wages, raw materials, and interest on borrowed capital.</p>
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<h2 class="heading" id="implicit-cost">
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Implicit Cost<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#implicit-cost">#</a></span>
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</h2><p>Implicit costs are not directly paid out or recorded in financial statements, but represent the opportunity costs of using resources owned by the firm or individual. Examples include the forgone salary if an entrepreneur works in their own business instead of being employed elsewhere, or the interest income sacrificed by investing personal funds in the business rather than elsewhere.</p></description></item></channel></rss>
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<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span>
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<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span>
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<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--live">Live</span></div><h1>Unit 2</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#types-of-utility>Types of Utility</a></li><li><a href=#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility>Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility</a></li><li><a href=#law-of-equi-marginal-utility>Law of Equi-Marginal Utility</a></li><li><a href=#law-of-demand>Law of Demand</a></li><li><a href=#exceptions-of-law-of-demand>Exceptions of Law of Demand</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-12-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=types-of-utility>Types of Utility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#types-of-utility>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Form Utility<br>B) Place<br>C) Time<br>D) Possession</p><h2 class=heading id=law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility>Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility>#</a></span></h2><h2 class=heading id=law-of-equi-marginal-utility>Law of Equi-Marginal Utility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#law-of-equi-marginal-utility>#</a></span></h2><h2 class=heading id=law-of-demand>Law of Demand<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#law-of-demand>#</a></span></h2><p>Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.</p><h2 class=heading id=exceptions-of-law-of-demand>Exceptions of Law of Demand<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#exceptions-of-law-of-demand>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Assumption of increase in price.<br>B) Status goods or Veblen goods.<br>C) Giffen goods.<br>D) War.<br>E) Economic depression.
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<span class="uninotes-meta__pill uninotes-meta__pill--live">Live</span></div><h1>Unit 2</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em></a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#types-of-utility>Types of Utility</a></li><li><a href=#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility>Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility</a></li><li><a href=#law-of-equi-marginal-utility>Law of Equi-Marginal Utility</a></li><li><a href=#law-of-demand>Law of Demand</a></li><li><a href=#exceptions-of-law-of-demand>Exceptions of Law of Demand</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=april-12-2026><em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#april-12-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=types-of-utility>Types of Utility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#types-of-utility>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Form Utility<br>B) Place<br>C) Time<br>D) Possession</p><h2 class=heading id=law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility>Law of Deminishing Marginal Utility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#law-of-deminishing-marginal-utility>#</a></span></h2><h2 class=heading id=law-of-equi-marginal-utility>Law of Equi-Marginal Utility<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#law-of-equi-marginal-utility>#</a></span></h2><h2 class=heading id=law-of-demand>Law of Demand<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#law-of-demand>#</a></span></h2><p>Price and Quantity demanded for a product is inversely related.</p><h2 class=heading id=exceptions-of-law-of-demand>Exceptions of Law of Demand<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#exceptions-of-law-of-demand>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Assumption of increase in price.<br>B) Status goods or Veblen goods.<br>C) Giffen goods.<br>D) War.<br>E) Economic depression.
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F) Essential goods.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>← Unit 1</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>© <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
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F) Essential goods.</p><nav class=page-nav><a class=page-nav__previous-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit1/>← Unit 1</a>
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<a class=page-nav__next-link href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/>Unit 5 →</a></nav></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>© <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
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› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
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› <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a>
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› <span>Unit 5</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
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<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span></div><h1>Unit 5</h1><p class=unit-choice__subtitle>Choose type:</p><div class=unit-choice__options><a class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--self" href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/self/><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M12 3 1 9l4 2.18v6L12 21l7-3.82v-6l2-1.09V17h2V9L12 3zm6.82 6L12 12.72 5.18 9 12 5.28 18.82 9zM17 15.99l-5 2.73-5-2.73v-3.72L12 15l5-2.73v3.72z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Self</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Self-study notes</div></a><div class="unit-choice__card unit-choice__card--live unit-choice__card--unavailable"><div class=unit-choice__icon><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><path d="M17 10.5V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4c-.55.0-1 .45-1 1v10c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55.0 1-.45 1-1v-3.5l4 4v-11l-4 4z"/></svg></div><div class=unit-choice__label>Live</div><div class=unit-choice__desc>Not available</div></div></div></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>© <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a> <a href=/changelog/>Changelog</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
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8
docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/index.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Unit 5 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/</link><description>Recent content in Unit 5 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 5</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/self/</guid><description><h3 class="heading" id="may-01-2026">
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<em><strong>May 01, 2026</strong></em><span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#may-01-2026">#</a></span>
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</h3><h2 class="heading" id="explicit-cost">
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Explicit Cost<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#explicit-cost">#</a></span>
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</h2><p>Explicit costs are direct, out-of-pocket payments that a business or individual makes for the use of resources or services. These costs are tangible, measurable, and recorded in accounting books, including expenses like rent, utility bills, wages, raw materials, and interest on borrowed capital.</p>
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<h2 class="heading" id="implicit-cost">
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Implicit Cost<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#implicit-cost">#</a></span>
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</h2><p>Implicit costs are not directly paid out or recorded in financial statements, but represent the opportunity costs of using resources owned by the firm or individual. Examples include the forgone salary if an entrepreneur works in their own business instead of being employed elsewhere, or the interest income sacrificed by investing personal funds in the business rather than elsewhere.</p></description></item></channel></rss>
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19
docs/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/self/index.html
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@@ -314,4 +314,11 @@ purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Found
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</ol>
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</ol>
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<h3 class="heading" id="b-behavioral-approach">
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<h3 class="heading" id="b-behavioral-approach">
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B) Behavioral Approach<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#b-behavioral-approach">#</a></span>
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B) Behavioral Approach<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#b-behavioral-approach">#</a></span>
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</h3><p>This approach focuses on understanding how individuals think, feel, and behave within organisational settings. Drawing insights from disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics, it emphasises the importance of studying human behaviour scientifically to develop effective management practices.</p></description></item></channel></rss>
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</h3><p>This approach focuses on understanding how individuals think, feel, and behave within organisational settings. Drawing insights from disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics, it emphasises the importance of studying human behaviour scientifically to develop effective management practices.</p></description></item><item><title>Unit 5</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/self/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit5/self/</guid><description><h3 class="heading" id="may-01-2026">
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<em><strong>May 01, 2026</strong></em><span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#may-01-2026">#</a></span>
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</h3><h2 class="heading" id="explicit-cost">
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Explicit Cost<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#explicit-cost">#</a></span>
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</h2><p>Explicit costs are direct, out-of-pocket payments that a business or individual makes for the use of resources or services. These costs are tangible, measurable, and recorded in accounting books, including expenses like rent, utility bills, wages, raw materials, and interest on borrowed capital.</p>
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<h2 class="heading" id="implicit-cost">
|
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Implicit Cost<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#implicit-cost">#</a></span>
|
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</h2><p>Implicit costs are not directly paid out or recorded in financial statements, but represent the opportunity costs of using resources owned by the firm or individual. Examples include the forgone salary if an entrepreneur works in their own business instead of being employed elsewhere, or the interest income sacrificed by investing personal funds in the business rather than elsewhere.</p></description></item></channel></rss>
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user