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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/</link><description>Recent content in BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="date-april-6-2026"&gt;
Date: April 6, 2026&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#date-april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/</link><description>Recent content in BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="date-april-6-2026"&gt;
Date: &lt;em&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#date-april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;

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@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu_
› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
› <a href=/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/>ET DCM1107</a>
› <span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#date-april-9-2026>Date: April 9, 2026</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#course-objectives>Course Objectives</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=date-april-9-2026>Date: April 9, 2026<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#date-april-9-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=course-objectives>Course Objectives<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#course-objectives>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.<br>B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>ET DCM1107</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#date-april-9-2026>Date: <em>April 9, 2026</em></a></li><li><a href=#course-objectives>Course Objectives</a></li></ul></nav></details><h2 class=heading id=date-april-9-2026>Date: <em>April 9, 2026</em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#date-april-9-2026>#</a></span></h2><h2 class=heading id=course-objectives>Course Objectives<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#course-objectives>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.<br>B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/</link><description>Recent content in ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="date-april-9-2026"&gt;
Date: April 9, 2026&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#date-april-9-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/</link><description>Recent content in ET DCM1107 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="date-april-9-2026"&gt;
Date: &lt;em&gt;April 9, 2026&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#date-april-9-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>S1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/</link><description>Recent content in S1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="date-april-6-2026"&gt;
Date: April 6, 2026&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#date-april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>S1 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/</link><description>Recent content in S1 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/bo-dcm1109-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="date-april-6-2026"&gt;
Date: &lt;em&gt;April 6, 2026&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#date-april-6-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;
Features and Nature of Business&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#features-and-nature-of-business"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Economic Activity.&lt;br&gt;
B) Continuous Activity.&lt;br&gt;
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ E) Dynanic.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Interdependance.&lt;br&gt;
B) Input-Process-Output Model.&lt;br&gt;
C) Open System.&lt;br&gt;
D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="date-april-9-2026"&gt;
Date: April 9, 2026&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#date-april-9-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
D) Dynamic Nature.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/et-dcm1107-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="date-april-9-2026"&gt;
Date: &lt;em&gt;April 9, 2026&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#date-april-9-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="course-objectives"&gt;
Course Objectives&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#course-objectives"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Develop analytical skills for interpreting consumer decision-making and market behaviour using economic tools.&lt;br&gt;
B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="date-april-5-2026"&gt;
Date: April 5, 2026&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#date-april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
B) Examine cost and revenue structures of firms.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h2 class="heading" id="date-april-5-2026"&gt;
Date: &lt;em&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#date-april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;

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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/</link><description>Recent content in PBM DCM1110 on Freedoms4</description><generator>Hugo</generator><language>en-us</language><managingEditor>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</managingEditor><webMaster>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</webMaster><atom:link href="https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Unit 1</title><link>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)</author><guid>https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/pbm-dcm1110-unit1/</guid><description>&lt;h3 class="heading" id="date-april-5-2026"&gt;
Date: April 5, 2026&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#date-april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
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Date: &lt;em&gt;April 5, 2026&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#date-april-5-2026"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="heading" id="characteristics-of-management"&gt;
Characteristics of Management&lt;span class="heading__anchor"&gt; &lt;a href="#characteristics-of-management"&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A) Goal Oriented.&lt;br&gt;
B) Pervasive.&lt;br&gt;

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@@ -62,4 +62,4 @@ Subscribe</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="menu language"><ul class="menu_
› <a href=/uninotes/s1/>S1</a>
› <a href=/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/>PBM DCM1110</a>
› <span>Unit 1</span></nav><div class=uninotes-meta><span class=uninotes-meta__pill>S1</span>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><ul><li><a href=#date-april-5-2026>Date: April 5, 2026</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management</a></li><li><a href=#functions-of-management>Functions of Management</a><ul><li><a href=#a-planning>A) Planning</a></li><li><a href=#b-organising>B) Organising</a></li><li><a href=#c-staffing>C) Staffing</a></li><li><a href=#d-directing>D) Directing</a></li><li><a href=#e-controlling>E) Controlling</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#significance-of-management>Significance of Management</a></li><li><a href=#scope-of-management>Scope of Management</a></li></ul></nav></details><h3 class=heading id=date-april-5-2026>Date: April 5, 2026<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#date-april-5-2026>#</a></span></h3><h2 class=heading id=characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#characteristics-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Goal Oriented.<br>B) Pervasive.<br>C) Multidimentional:<br>         (i) Management of People.<br>         (ii) Management of Operations.<br>D) Continuous.<br>E) Dynamic.<br>F) Group Activity.<br>G) Intangible.</p><h2 class=heading id=functions-of-management>Functions of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#functions-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Planning.<br>B) Organising.<br>C) Staffing.<br>D) Directing.<br>E) Controlling.</p><h3 class=heading id=a-planning>A) Planning<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-planning>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.</li><li>Forecast future conditions.</li><li>Select the best course of action.</li><li>Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-organising>B) Organising<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-organising>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.</li><li>Group similar activities.</li><li>Assign duties to individuals.</li><li>Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.</li><li>Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=c-staffing>C) Staffing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#c-staffing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Recruitment and selection.</li><li>Training.</li><li>Performance appraisal.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=d-directing>D) Directing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#d-directing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Leadership and supervision.</li><li>Motivation.</li><li>Communication.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=e-controlling>E) Controlling<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#e-controlling>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Establish performance standards.</li><li>Measure performance.</li><li>Compare performance with the standards.</li><li>Identify reasons for deviations.</li><li>Implement corrective actions.</li><li>Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.</li></ol><h2 class=heading id=significance-of-management>Significance of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#significance-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Optimum unilization of resources.<br>B) Minimisation of costs.<br>C) Achievement of group goals.<br>D) Organisational stability.</p><ul><li>Management depends on Effectiveness and Efficiency.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=scope-of-management>Scope of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#scope-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Production Management.<br>B) Personal Management.<br>C) Marketing Management.<br>D) Financial Management.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>
<span class=uninotes-meta__pill>PBM DCM1110</span></div><h1>Unit 1</h1><details class=toc><summary class=toc__summary>Table of Contents</summary><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#date-april-5-2026>Date: <em>April 5, 2026</em></a></li><li><a href=#characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management</a></li><li><a href=#functions-of-management>Functions of Management</a><ul><li><a href=#a-planning>A) Planning</a></li><li><a href=#b-organising>B) Organising</a></li><li><a href=#c-staffing>C) Staffing</a></li><li><a href=#d-directing>D) Directing</a></li><li><a href=#e-controlling>E) Controlling</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#significance-of-management>Significance of Management</a></li><li><a href=#scope-of-management>Scope of Management</a></li></ul></nav></details><h2 class=heading id=date-april-5-2026>Date: <em>April 5, 2026</em><span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#date-april-5-2026>#</a></span></h2><h2 class=heading id=characteristics-of-management>Characteristics of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#characteristics-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Goal Oriented.<br>B) Pervasive.<br>C) Multidimentional:<br>         (i) Management of People.<br>         (ii) Management of Operations.<br>D) Continuous.<br>E) Dynamic.<br>F) Group Activity.<br>G) Intangible.</p><h2 class=heading id=functions-of-management>Functions of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#functions-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Planning.<br>B) Organising.<br>C) Staffing.<br>D) Directing.<br>E) Controlling.</p><h3 class=heading id=a-planning>A) Planning<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#a-planning>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Determine the goals or mission of the organisation.</li><li>Forecast future conditions.</li><li>Select the best course of action.</li><li>Formulate policies, procedures, budgets.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=b-organising>B) Organising<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#b-organising>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Identify and analyse activities required to be operated on.</li><li>Group similar activities.</li><li>Assign duties to individuals.</li><li>Delegate authority and responsibility to the individuals in managerial roles.</li><li>Establish and announce clear authority relationships to ensure coordination and control.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=c-staffing>C) Staffing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#c-staffing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Recruitment and selection.</li><li>Training.</li><li>Performance appraisal.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=d-directing>D) Directing<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#d-directing>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Leadership and supervision.</li><li>Motivation.</li><li>Communication.</li></ol><h3 class=heading id=e-controlling>E) Controlling<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#e-controlling>#</a></span></h3><ol><li>Establish performance standards.</li><li>Measure performance.</li><li>Compare performance with the standards.</li><li>Identify reasons for deviations.</li><li>Implement corrective actions.</li><li>Use feedback to evaluate performance improvement.</li></ol><h2 class=heading id=significance-of-management>Significance of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#significance-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Optimum unilization of resources.<br>B) Minimisation of costs.<br>C) Achievement of group goals.<br>D) Organisational stability.</p><ul><li>Management depends on Effectiveness and Efficiency.</li></ul><h2 class=heading id=scope-of-management>Scope of Management<span class=heading__anchor> <a href=#scope-of-management>#</a></span></h2><p>A) Production Management.<br>B) Personal Management.<br>C) Marketing Management.<br>D) Financial Management.</p></main><footer class=footer><p class=footer__copyright-notice>&copy; 2026 <a href=https://freedoms4.org>freedoms4.org</a></p><p class=footer__theme-info>Built with <a href=https://gohugo.io>Hugo</a> and based on <a href=https://github.com/CyrusYip/hugo-theme-yue>Yue</a> theme</p></footer><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("theme-toggle");if(!e)return;function t(){var e=localStorage.getItem("theme");return e?e:window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches?"light":"dark"}function n(e){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e),localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}n(t()),e.addEventListener("click",function(){var e=document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-theme")||t();n(e==="dark"?"light":"dark")})})()</script><script>(function(){var e=document.getElementById("mobile-menu-check");if(!e)return;document.addEventListener("click",function(t){if(!e.checked)return;var n=e.closest(".brand__mobile-menu");n&&!n.contains(t.target)&&(e.checked=!1)})})()</script></body></html>