Add: UniNote ET DCM1107 Unit12 Self

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draft = false
title = 'Unit 12'
unit = 'Unit 12'
layout = 'unit-choice'
url = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit12/'
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draft = false
semester = ['S1']
subjectcode = ['ET DCM1107']
unit = 'Unit 12'
notecategory = 'Self'
title = 'Unit 12'
toc = true
url = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit12/self/'
uniturl = '/uninotes/s1/et-dcm1107/unit12/'
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### ***May 25, 2026***
## Definitions
### Interest
The payment or reward given for borrowing money or using capital for a specific period of time.
### Gross Interest
The total amount paid by the borrower to the lender for using borrowed money before deducting taxes, service charges, or other expenses.
### Net Interest
The actual or pure interest earned or paid after excluding additional charges such as risk, management costs, and inconvenience.
### Nominal Rate of Interest
The stated rate of return on a loan or investment without considering the effect of inflation.
### Real Rate of Interest
The actual rate of return after adjusting the nominal interest rate for inflation, reflecting the true purchasing power of money.
### Liquidity
The ease or availability with which cash or assets can be converted into ready money for immediate use.
## Theories of Interest
| Theory of Interest | Economist(s) | Short Summary |
| ------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| **Abstinence Theory of Interest** | **Nassau William Senior** | Interest is the reward paid to people who abstain from present consumption and save money for productive use. |
| **Bohm-Bawerks (Agio) Theory of Interest** | **Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk** (developed from John Raes ideas) | Interest arises because people value present goods more highly than future goods; therefore, compensation is needed for postponing consumption. |
| **Fishers Time Preference Theory** | **Irving Fisher** | Interest is the “price of time,” determined by peoples preference for present consumption over future consumption and investment opportunities. |
| **Loanable Funds Theory** | **Knut Wicksell, Bertil Ohlin, Dennis Robertson** | Interest is determined by the demand and supply of loanable funds, including savings, investment, bank credit, and hoarding. |
| **Liquidity Preference Theory** | **John Maynard Keynes** | Interest is the reward for parting with liquidity; it is determined by the demand for and supply of money. |