# Unit 4 on Freedoms4

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# Unit 4

https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit4/self/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/pbm-dcm1110/unit4/self/<h3 class="heading" id="april-20-2026"> <em><strong>April 20, 2026</strong></em><span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#april-20-2026">#</a></span> </h3><h2 class="heading" id="neoclassical-approaches"> Neoclassical Approaches<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#neoclassical-approaches">#</a></span> </h2><h3 class="heading" id="a-human-relations-movement"> A) Human Relations Movement<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#a-human-relations-movement">#</a></span> </h3><p>Factors affecting the Human Relations Movement:</p> <ul> <li>Economic Depression - 1929.</li> <li>Progress in Technology.</li> <li>Response to Taylorism.</li> <li>Enmity between classes.</li> </ul> <h3 class="heading" id="1-contribution-of-elton-mayo"> 1. Contribution of Elton Mayo<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#1-contribution-of-elton-mayo">#</a></span> </h3><p>The Hawthorne Experiments: A Landmark in Human Relations</p> <p>Four Experiments:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Illumination Experiments (1924–1927):</strong> Examined how changes in lighting affected worker productivity.</li> <li><strong>Relay Assembly Test Room Experiments (1927–1928):</strong> Studied the impact of altered work conditions, such as hours and rest breaks, on output.</li> <li><strong>Mass Interviewing Programme (1928–1930):</strong> Investigated employees’ attitudes, feelings, and perceptions toward their work.</li> <li><strong>Bank Wiring Observation Room Experiments (1931–1932):</strong> Explored the effects of informal social groups on individual behaviour and productivity.</li> </ol> <h3 class="heading" id="b-behavioral-approach"> B) Behavioral Approach<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#b-behavioral-approach">#</a></span> </h3><p>This approach focuses on understanding how individuals think, feel, and behave within organisational settings. Drawing insights from disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics, it emphasises the importance of studying human behaviour scientifically to develop effective management practices.</p>