# BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4

https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/ Recent content in BO DCM1109 on Freedoms4 Hugo en-us your-email@example.com (Freedoms4) your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)

# Unit 1

https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit1/self/<h3 class="heading" id="april-6-2026"> <em><strong>April 6, 2026</strong></em><span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#april-6-2026">#</a></span> </h3><h2 class="heading" id="features-and-nature-of-business"> Features and Nature of Business<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#features-and-nature-of-business">#</a></span> </h2><p>A) Economic Activity.<br> B) Continuous Activity.<br> C) Profit Motive.<br> D) Exchange of goods and services.<br> E) Customer Orientation.<br> F) Risk and Uncertainty.<br> G) Legal and Ethical Compliance.<br> H) Global.</p> <h2 class="heading" id="concept"> Concept<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#concept">#</a></span> </h2><p>A) Value Creation.<br> B) Profit.<br> C) Social.<br> D) Organised.<br> E) Dynanic.</p> <h2 class="heading" id="scope"> Scope<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#scope">#</a></span> </h2><h3 class="heading" id="a-industry"> A) Industry<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#a-industry">#</a></span> </h3><ol> <li>Primary Industry: Extraction of raw material (agriculture, mining).</li> <li>Secondary Industry: Manufacturing.</li> <li>Tertiary Industry: Service (banking, insurance, transport, delivery)</li> <li>Quaternary Sector: Knowledge based services (IT, education/training)</li> <li>Quinary Sector: Services of leading roles (Government services, NGOs)</li> </ol> <h3 class="heading" id="b-commerce"> B) Commerce<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#b-commerce">#</a></span> </h3><ol> <li>Trade.</li> <li>Auxiliaries to Trade.</li> </ol> <h3 class="heading" id="c-modern-dimensions-of-business"> C) Modern Dimensions of Business<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#c-modern-dimensions-of-business">#</a></span> </h3><ol> <li>E-Business.</li> <li>Green Business.</li> <li>Social Business.</li> <li>Global Business.</li> </ol> <h2 class="heading" id="business-as-a-system"> Business as a System<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#business-as-a-system">#</a></span> </h2><p>A) Interdependance.<br> B) Input-Process-Output Model.<br> C) Open System.<br> D) Dynamic Nature.</p>

# Unit 11

https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit11/self/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit11/self/<h3 class="heading" id="may-17-2026"> <em><strong>May 17, 2026</strong></em><span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#may-17-2026">#</a></span> </h3><h2 class="heading" id="modes-of-business-combination"> Modes of Business Combination<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#modes-of-business-combination">#</a></span> </h2><h3 class="heading" id="a-associations"> A) Associations<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#a-associations">#</a></span> </h3><ol> <li>Trade Association</li> <li>Chamber of Commerce</li> <li>Informal agreements</li> </ol> <h3 class="heading" id="b-federations"> B) Federations<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#b-federations">#</a></span> </h3><ol> <li>Formal agreements</li> <li>Pools</li> <li>Cartels</li> </ol> <h3 class="heading" id="c-consolidations"> C) Consolidations<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#c-consolidations">#</a></span> </h3><ol> <li> <p>Partials Consolidations<br> a. Trust<br> b. Holding Companies<br> c. Community of Interest</p> </li> <li> <p>Complete Consolidations<br> a. Mergers<br> b. Acquisition<br> c. Amalgamation</p> </li> </ol> <h2 class="heading" id="types-of-business-combination"> Types of Business Combination<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#types-of-business-combination">#</a></span> </h2><h3 class="heading" id="a-horizontal"> A) Horizontal<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#a-horizontal">#</a></span> </h3><p>These companies operate at the same level of production, distribution or supply chain.</p>

# Unit 2

https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit2/self/<h3 class="heading" id="april-12-2026"> <em><strong>April 12, 2026</strong></em><span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#april-12-2026">#</a></span> </h3><h2 class="heading" id="primary-sector"> Primary Sector<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#primary-sector">#</a></span> </h2><p>The Primary Sector comprises the delivery of raw materials up to the finished product. Industries in this sector include mining for oil, coal, iron, and other minerals; Forestry, agriculture, fish farming and land reclamation, etc.</p> <h2 class="heading" id="secondary-sector"> Secondary Sector<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#secondary-sector">#</a></span> </h2><p>The Secondary Sector refines, processes and manufactures. This includes industries like petrochemical refineries, steel-making mills, factories for making equipment and machinery for industry and goods for consumer purchase.</p>

# Unit 3

https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 your-email@example.com (Freedoms4)https://freedoms4.org/uninotes/s1/bo-dcm1109/unit3/self/<h3 class="heading" id="april-15-2026"> <em><strong>April 15, 2026</strong></em><span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#april-15-2026">#</a></span> </h3><h2 class="heading" id="types-of-co-operatives-formed"> Types of co-operatives formed<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#types-of-co-operatives-formed">#</a></span> </h2><p>A) Consumer co-operatives.<br> B) Producer co-operatives.<br> C) Marketing co-operatives.<br> D) Housing co-operatives.<br> E) Credit co-operatives.<br> F) Cooperative Farming Societies.</p> <h2 class="heading" id="types-of-companies"> Types of Companies<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#types-of-companies">#</a></span> </h2><h3 class="heading" id="a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation"> A) On the Basis of Incorporation<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#a-on-the-basis-of-incorporation">#</a></span> </h3><ol> <li>Chartered Companies: Formed under a Royal Charter or special charter issued by the monarch (no longer applicable in India).</li> <li>Statutory Companies: Created by a special Act of Parliament or State Legislature. Example: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC).</li> <li>Registered Companies: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013. This includes almost all modern business entities in India.</li> </ol> <h3 class="heading" id="b-on-the-basis-of-liability"> B) On the Basis of Liability<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#b-on-the-basis-of-liability">#</a></span> </h3><ol> <li>Company Limited by Shares [Section 2(22)].</li> <li>Company Limited by Guarantee [Section 2(21)].</li> <li>Unlimited Liability Company [Section 2(92)].</li> <li>Company Limited by Both Guarantee and Shares.</li> </ol> <h3 class="heading" id="c-on-the-basis-of-ownership"> C) On the Basis of Ownership<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#c-on-the-basis-of-ownership">#</a></span> </h3><ol> <li>Private Company (Section 2(68)).</li> <li>Public Company (Section 2(71)).</li> <li>One Person Company (Section 2(62)).</li> </ol> <h3 class="heading" id="d-on-the-basis-of-control"> D) On the Basis of Control<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#d-on-the-basis-of-control">#</a></span> </h3><ol> <li>Holding Company: Controls one or more subsidiaries by owning over 50% voting rights or board control.</li> <li>Subsidiary Company: Controlled by another company. Example: Jaguar Land Rover (subsidiary of Tata Motors).</li> </ol> <h3 class="heading" id="e-on-the-basis-of-nationality"> E) On the Basis of Nationality<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#e-on-the-basis-of-nationality">#</a></span> </h3><ol> <li>Indian Company: Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and managed in India.</li> <li>Foreign Company (Section 2(42)): Incorporated outside India but has a place of business in India. Example: Google India Pvt. Ltd.</li> </ol> <h3 class="heading" id="f-on-the-basis-of-purpose"> F) On the Basis of Purpose<span class="heading__anchor"> <a href="#f-on-the-basis-of-purpose">#</a></span> </h3><ol> <li>For-Profit Companies.</li> <li>Non-Profit Companies (Section 8): Established for charitable, educational, or social purposes. Profits are reinvested to promote their objectives. Example: CRY Foundation.</li> </ol>